实时精密单点定位中周跳探测的方法研究

实时GPS技术在诸如导航、短期天气预报、精密定位定轨等领域有着重要的现实意义,是当前GNSS领域研究的热点之一。其中,实时GPS数据预处理的质量至关重要,能否进行有效的周跳探测与修复是直接关系到GPS数据预处理质量的重要因素。本文介绍了非差模式下联合使用多种周跳探测方法（geometry—free组合、WM组合、载波相位模糊度残差）进行周跳的实时探测方法,并使用事后数据模拟实时对GPS测量数据进行了大量的验算。结果表明,此方法可以有效地探测和修复周跳,并一定程度上改善实时精密定位的精度。     

A Multispectral Remote Sensing Data Spectral Unmixing Algorithm Based on Variational Bayesian ICA

Mixed pixel is a key issue in medium to coarse resolution remote sensing image, and it seriously restricts the remote sensing classification. This paper presents an Independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm based on the variational Bayesian (VB) methods, named VBICA, for spectral unmixing in multispectral remote sensing image. The model assumes that the mixed pixels to be separated are given as linear mixtures. The matrixes of linear mixtures are assumed to be unknown. In the Bayesian framework, the endmember and abundance have finally been achieved with Bayesian inference and approximate variational algorithm. The proposed method is evaluated and tested on a numerical simulative image from the noise resistance, area size, pixel purity, estimated number of endmembers and real multispectral remote sensing image of 100?×?100 pixels. Experimental results on simulated image demonstrated that compared to the Fast ICA algorithm, the proposed algorithm can give more accurate results, and the validity of the proposed algorithm is verified by the real multispectral remote sensing image of the similarity on spectral curves, average similarity and ground objects distribution maps.     

测绘应急保障服务体系总体设计与实现

为提商测绘应急保障效率,本文嘲绕测绘应急保障服务体系建设目标,详细介绍了测绘应急保障服务体系结构设计、数据传输与交互设计及项目核心功能设计相关内容,架构了一套基于遥感影像快速获取、处理与制图的测绘应急保障服务体系总体框架。     

德国土地信息化发展现状研究

从官方地籍信息系统的发展、与AAA模型的关系及官方地籍信息系统的应用等方面对德国土地信息化的发展现状做了介绍,对其发展趋势做了分析;在此基础上,从地籍数据的应用、与基础测绘的关系和信息系统建模等方面对我国的国土资源信息化工作提出了若干建议。     

Use of multi-temporal Landsat images for analyzing forest transition in relation to socioeconomic factors and the environment

Recently there have been reports of forest regrowth occurring in different regions across the world. There is also a growing recognition of the potential beneficial impact that secondary forests may have on the global environment: providing crucial ecosystem services such as soil conservation, stabilization of hydrological cycles, carbon sequestration, and support for forest dependent communities. Consequently, there is a growing awareness of the need to recognize that landscapes are complex shifting mosaics wherein forest clearing and reforestation take place. In this study, the rates of reforestation, deforestation, forest regrowth and degradation were measured using multi-temporal Landsat images of Danjiangkou, China. Landsat data from 1990, 1999 and 2007 were (1) classified as dense forest, open forest and non-forest areas and (2) compared between years to identify forest cutting, regeneration and degradation. The results showed that there was a net gain of 29,315 ha of forest area (including dense and open forest) from 1990 to 2007, showing a clear trend of reforestation in the study area. Forest modification (degradation and regrowth) and change categories (deforestation and reforestation) occurred simultaneously during the observation time period. Socioeconomic data from public statistics and environmental attributes allowed the assessment of the socioeconomic factors and the environmental conditions that caused these changes using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). The research showed that the socioeconomic factors due to different policies were major driving forces of forest transition, whereas environmental attributes of the underlying landscape constrained forest cover changes. These findings have led to a better understanding of forest transition at a local scale in our study region. Comprehensive knowledge of these relationships may be useful to reconstruct past forest transitions and predict future changes, and may help to enhance sustainable management practices aimed at preserving essential ecological functions.     

月球探测摄影测量数据处理系统方案分析

本文提出了月球摄影测量数据处理系统的设计原则，探讨了月球摄影测量数据处理系统的组成和研究的内容，分析了在月球探测摄影测量数据处理中，首先应该解决的关键技术问题。结论：对月球探测摄影测量数据处理系统的研究，可以保障月球探测卫星工程测绘月球表面三维影像图及地形图任务的完成，同时，也可以为后续的月球探测计划提供摄影测量的基础理论、技术、方法和实践经验。     

Code and carrier phase based short baseline GPS positioning: computational aspects

A recursive least squares algorithm is presented for short baseline GPS positioning using both carrier phase and code measurements. We take advantage of the structure of the problem to make the algorithm computationally efficient and use orthogonal transformations to ensure that the algorithm is numerically reliable. Details are given for computing position estimates and error covariance matrices with possible satellite rising and setting. Real data test results suggest our algorithm is effective.This research was supported by NSERC of Canada Grant RGPIN217191–99, FCAR of Quebec Grant 2001-NC-66487, and NSERCGEOIDE Network Project ENV#14 for Xiao-Wen Chang, and by NSERC of Canada Grant RGPIN9236–01 for Christopher C. Paige.The online version of the original article can be found at     

五层原始方程模式套网格方案及初步试算结果

在上海台风研究所五层原始方程模式的基础上,本文设计了一个粗网格区域固定、细网格区域可变动的五层套网格方案,对交界域变量进行衔接,协调处理。实例计算表明,内区边界有较好的穿透性;细网格内区对气压系统的强度和形势预报均有所改善。      

上海深井地震综合观测地磁资料分析

运用崇明长江农场台和浦东张江台新建地震综合深井地磁三分量资料,宋用小波变化方法,研究地磁场井下观测方式、数据质量和噪声特性.结果表明:①深井地磁观测资料日变形态明显,与地面观测资料一致性较好;②深井地磁观测能滤除大部分空间变化磁场产生的扰动;③深井观测的背景噪声幅度小,扰动频段集中.     

轻微的机械作用对断裂源形态的影响

俄罗斯科学院约费技术物理研究所提出了固体断裂的两阶段模型,该模型不随断裂尺度变化。第一阶段为裂隙的积累,其大小受限于构造单元的特征尺度,当达到其阈值密度时,就形成局部的断裂源,此时过程进展加速,并完成宏观断裂。当过程进展缓慢时,研究轻微的作用下断裂源的状态就具有意义。