渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9区带火山岩三维刻画及火山喷发期次

基于火山岩溢流相的高连续强振幅和火山通道相的低连续弱振幅2种截然相反的地震反射特征, 建立振幅-方差体地震属性分级-拾取-融合技术刻画火山岩时空展布的方法, 有效刻画火山岩的三维时空展布以及火山喷发期次.通过渤海湾盆地黄河口凹陷BZ34-9区带火山岩三维刻画和火山喷发期次研究, 取得以下认识: (1)研究区沙一二段火山岩零星分布, 主要发育在BZ34-9区带中部, 多为中心式喷发; 东营组火山岩广泛发育, 连片分布, 主要发育在BZ34-9区带南部缓坡带, 为中心式、裂隙-中心复合式喷发; (2)沙一二段东部火山先于西部火山喷发, 南部火山先于北部火山喷发; (3)东营组南部火山先于北部火山喷发, 且南部火山喷发期次多于北部, 北部火山多为短暂性喷发; (4)东营组火山较沙一二段活动强烈、喷发次数多、范围广.      

月表地貌起伏形态分异特征及分级标准研究

月球地貌是月球表面发生的地质和地貌过程的结果,月球地貌单元的划分和等级分类体系的构建是月球地貌学研究的基础,也是月球地貌图制图的基础和关键科学问题。地貌学是研究形态和成因的科学,高程和起伏度是最基本的地貌指标。本文基于LOLA（Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter） DEM数据以及LOLA和SELENE TC（Terrain Camera）融合的DEM数据（SLDEM2015,文中简称SLDEM）,利用均值变点法确定月表起伏度计算的最佳窗口,并以起伏度100 m、200 m、300 m、700 m、1500 m及2500 m为阈值将月球表面分为微起伏平原（< 100 m）、微起伏台地[100 m, 200 m）、微小起伏丘陵[200 m, 300 m）、小起伏山地[300 m, 700 m）、中起伏山地[700 m, 1500 m）、大起伏山地[1500 m, 2500 m）及极大起伏山地（≥ 2500 m）地貌7个类型。划分结果显示：微起伏平原主要分布在月海平原区域、部分有玄武岩充填的撞击盆地的盆底区域以及撞击坑坑底区域;微起伏台地主要分布在月海和月陆区域的交界区域;微小起伏丘陵主要分布在月溪和皱脊等构造单元区域;小起伏山地主要分布在撞击坑中央峰及坑底断裂区域;中起伏山地主要分布在撞击坑坑底和坑壁过渡区域、撞击坑坑壁和坑缘过渡区域、撞击盆地盆底与盆壁过渡区域以及盆壁与盆缘过渡区域;大起伏和极大起伏山地主要分布在撞击坑坑壁区域及撞击盆地盆壁区域。本文确定的月表起伏度分级标准可以对月表数字地貌分类体系的构建和月球地貌图集的编研提供定量标准和重要参考。     

双路后备电源管理系统的设计与实现

介绍一种基于GSM(全球移动通信系统)网络SMS(短信业务)的双路后备电源管理系统的原理及设计实现.它由一个无线GSM模块(WAVECOM公司的Q2403模块)和一个单片机(AT89S52)为核心的监控单元组成,监控单元利用AT指令通过串口和GSM模块进行通信.该系统借助GSM模块Q2403,使用户能够通过短信便捷地对双路后备电源进行参数设置和控制.     

利用高分影像识别门源MS6.9地震地表破裂带

北京时间2022年1月8日,青海省门源县发生了M_S6.9地震,震中位于冷龙岭断裂西端与托莱山断裂过渡区。地震发生后,文章利用亚米级分辨率的高分7号卫星影像对本次地震产生的地震破裂带进行详细解译,并与野外调查结果进行对比,获得此次地震地表破裂带分布及组合特征。结果显示,此次地震形成两条破裂带,长度分别约21 km和5 km,分别沿冷龙岭断裂西段和托莱山断裂东段展布。地震破裂带由一系列雁列式地震裂缝、挤压鼓包及拉张凹陷组成,破裂带组合特征反映出发震断裂明显的左旋走滑特征,但利用影像并未识别出同震位错等定量数据。在此基础上,文章对比冷龙岭断裂东段存在的历史地震破裂带,讨论了冷龙岭断裂未来地震危险性问题。     

Spatial and temporal variations of spatial population accessibility to public hospitals: a case study of rural–urban comparison

Quantification and assessment of nationwide population access to health-care services is a critical undertaking for improving population health and optimizing the performance of national health systems. Rural–urban unbalance of population access to health-care services is widely involved in most of the nations. This unbalance is also potentially affected by varied weather and road conditions. This study investigates the rural and urban performances of public health system by quantifying the spatiotemporal variations of accessibility and assessing the impacts of potential factors. Australian health-care system is used as a case study for the rural–urban comparison of population accessibility. A nationwide travel time-based modified kernel density two-step floating catchment area (MKD2SFCA) model is utilized to compute accessibility of travel time within 30, 60, 120, and 240 min to all public hospitals, hospitals that provide emergency care, and hospitals that provide surgery service, respectively. Results show that accessibility is varied both temporally and spatially, and the rural–urban unbalance is distinct for different types of hospitals. In Australia, from the perspective of spatial distributions of health-care resources, spatial accessibility to all public hospitals in remote and very remote areas is not lower (and may even higher) than that in major cities, but the accessibility to hospitals that provide emergency and surgery services is much higher in major cities than other areas. From the angle of temporal variation of accessibility to public hospitals, reduction of traffic speed is 1.00–3.57% due to precipitation and heavy rain, but it leads to 18–23% and 31–50% of reduction of accessibility in hot-spot and cold-spot regions, respectively, and the impact is severe in New South Wales, Queensland, and Northern Territory during wet seasons. Spatiotemporal analysis for the variations of accessibility can provide quantitative and accurate evidence for geographically local and dynamic strategies of allocation decision-making of medical resources and optimizing health-care systems both locally and nationally.     

中药方剂治疗阴道炎的药效与毒性实验研究

目的：采用实验研究的方法评价自拟中药方剂治疗阴道炎的药效和毒性。方法：将40只豚鼠随机分为模型对照组,地塞米松阳性药物组（0.25 mg/ml）,中药方剂高（52.00 mg/ml）、中（13.00 mg/ml）、低（3.25 mg/ml）剂量组,每组各8只。于各组豚鼠右后脚背剃毛处分别涂抹相应药物,末次给药15 min后,在点刺处依次涂抹不同浓度磷酸组胺直至豚鼠回头舔舐。大鼠脚趾肿胀模型实验分组同上。将3%甲醛注入各组大鼠脚趾内建立肿胀模型,造模成功后均匀涂抹相应药物于炎症患处。将新西兰大白兔分为染毒组和对照组,每组各3只,分别注射52 mg/ml中药原液、0.9%氯化钠注射液,每24 h重复1次,连续5 d。统计单位时间豚鼠搔抓次数及耐受磷酸组胺总量;观察大鼠脚趾肿胀消退情况并记录脚趾厚度变化;观察实验兔阴道是否水肿,HE染色检测阴道黏膜有无明显变化。结果：与模型对照组相比,中药方剂高、中、低剂量组豚鼠单位时间搔抓次数均减少,耐受磷酸组胺总量均增加,但中药方剂低剂量组效果更明显,且显著优于地塞米松阳性药物组（P<0.05）;中药方剂高、中剂量组消肿速率快,与地塞米松阳性药物组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;给药组阴道组织无明显充血和红肿现象,阴道黏膜层次清晰,与模型对照组切片无明显差异;染毒组实验兔阴道黏膜刺激指数为0.2。结论：该自制中药方剂对阴道炎具有抗炎、消肿、止痒的功效,且对阴道皮肤黏膜无刺激性,无明显毒副作用。     

大型表面流人工湿地长期运行下底泥污染特性及氧化层甄别

研究湿地底泥污染特性及水-土界面边界层性质是明确大型人工湿地长期运行下底泥内源污染问题的关键.本文以典型人工湿地为例,通过综合布点垂向分层监测湿地底泥理化性质,明确底泥污染特性,分析水-土界面边界氧化层现象、性质及形成机理,探讨其性质成因.结果表明：与湖泊类似,长期运行人工湿地底泥也会产生氧化层,垂向由上到下分为氧化层、污染层、过渡层和健康层;运行6年的湿地底泥可形成厚约1 cm、无明显臭味、棕黄色可塑状的氧化层;与污染层相比,氧化层色味变淡、流动性减弱,含水率、d（0.9）、亚铁、总有机碳和总氮含量分别降低7.20%、54.04%、54.59%、17.89%和7.00%,氧化还原电位和总磷含量分别升高150.41%和18.17%;氧化层是由氧化、沉降协同作用下形成的底泥表层氧化态微环境,其中上覆水溶解氧水平越高越有利于提高氧化层致密程度,降低氧化层有机质、总氮含量,上覆水悬浮物浓度越高、水深越深越有利于增加氧化层厚度.     

Influence of inclination angles and confining pressures on mechanical behavior of rock materials containing a preexisting crack

To deeply understand the cracking mechanical behavior of brittle rock materials, numerical simulations of a rock specimen containing a single preexisting crack were carried out by the expanded distinct element method (EDEM). Based on the analysis of crack tips and a comparison between stress- and strain-based methods, the strain strength criterion was adopted in the numerical models to simulate the crack initiation and propagation processes under uniaxial and biaxial compression. The simulation results indicated that the crack inclination angle and confining pressure had a great influence on the tensile and shear properties, peak strength, and failure behaviors, which also showed a good agreement with the experimental results. If the specimen was under uniaxial compression, it was found that the initiation stress and peak strength first decreased and then increased with an increasing inclination angle α. Regardless of the size of α, tensile cracks initiated prior to shear cracks. If α was small (such as α ≤ 30°), the tensile cracks dominated the specimen failure, the wing cracks propagated towards the direction of uniaxial compression, and the propagation of shear cracks was inhibited by the high concentration of tensile stress. In contrast, if α was large (such as α ≥ 45°), mixed cracks dominated the specimen failure, and the external loading favored the further propagation of shear cracks. Analyzing the numerical results of the specimen with a 45° inclination angle under biaxial compression, it was revealed that lateral confinement had a significant influence on the initiation sequence and the mechanical properties of new cracks.     

惠州红树林资源的遥感监测应用研究

利用陆地资源卫星专题制图仪影像(TM)、增强专题制图仪(ETM+)、中巴资源卫星( CBERS02B)高分辨率影像(HR)与多光谱影像( CCD)对惠州红树林湿地资源进行调查.根据Landsat TM、ETM+,结合红树林生境分布专题图解译出1989、1999年惠州红树林分布信息;利用CBERS02B的HR与CCD数据进行影像融合,再结合野外实地调查数据和数字高程模型等辅助信息,通过目视解译获得2009年红树林分布信息.研究结果显示,1989- 2009年,惠州红树林面积呈先减少后增加的趋势.同时通过比较陆地卫星与中巴资源卫星影像,发现陆地卫星30m的分辨率难以满足对红树林斑块的准确描绘与定位,而融合的中巴卫星HR与CCD数据,得到的融合图像既具有全色影像的高分辨率,又在一定程度上保持了多光谱影像的光谱信息,信息量明显增大.结果表明,HR与CCD多光谱影像融合可以优势互补,在斑块较小且分散的红树林资源调查和监测中具有较大的应用潜力.     

双多普勒雷达资料同化在飓风“艾克”预报中的应用研究

本文采用美国国家大气研究中心（NCAR）开发的中尺度数值模式WRFV3.7及其三维变分同化系统WRF-3DVAR对2008年飓风“艾克”进行了数值模拟研究。利用多普勒天气雷达观测资料具有高时空分辨率的优点,将美国两部多普勒天气雷达资料进行速度退模糊等必要质量控制后同化进中尺度数值模式,考察雷达资料同化对飓风“艾克”预报的改进程度。试验结果表明:将雷达资料用于对流尺度分辨率下飓风初始化需要对变分同化系统中特征尺度化因子进行优化调整,使观测资料能够以较为合理的方式调整模式初始场并进而改进预报;雷达径向风同化可以有效调整模式初始场中的飓风动力和热力结构,而经过尺度化因子调整后的雷达径向风同化则在飓风观测中心位置产生较为合理的气旋性风场增量,提供更为确切的中小尺度信息,使模式初始场更加接近观测并进而改进对飓风路径和强度的预报。