Review of Rapid Transformation of Floodplain Wetlands in Northeast China: Roles of Human Development and Global Environmental Change

Northeast China is the region with the largest area of wetlands in China. The Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain are large freshwater marsh distribution regions that are affected by climate warming and by the increasing frequency and density of extreme weather and are the regions most subject to disturbances by human activities in Northeast China. The wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain have shrunk severely in the past 60 years, and wetland functions have been reduced substantially because of climate change, unreasonable land use, fire episodes, engineering and construction works and urbanization. Large-scale agricultural development started in the 1950s has been the most important driving factor for wetland loss and degradation in the Sanjiang Plain. Water shortage has been the most important factor for degradation and fragmentation of wetlands in the Songnen Plain. To mitigate wetland degradation and better protect wetlands, special regulations, long-term mechanisms and technical support of wetland protection should be established. A wetland compensation program should be implemented, and technologies for increasing the adaptive capacity of wetlands should be developed. Moreover, it is most important to find the balanced threshold between agricultural development and wetland protection.     

山东龙口大园矿区金矿121号脉地质特征及成因浅析

山东龙口大园矿区金矿121号脉产于胶西北著名的玲珑金矿田北部,矿体直接产出于玲珑花岗岩体内,受NEE向压扭性断裂构造控制。矿床成因类型为中低温热液石英脉型。通过对矿床地质特征、矿体特征、矿石类型、围岩蚀变、找矿标志及矿床成因等方面的研究,对矿床成因进行分析,总结了成矿规律。玲珑帚状构造控制了该区金矿床的分布,NEE向断裂构造控制了矿体的产出,黄铁绢英岩化碎裂岩夹石英脉是找矿的直接标志,通过综合研究,在121号脉走向上有一定的找矿空间,在-400m深部以下亦是有利的找矿地段,为进一步勘查工作提供地质依据。     

公元512年山西省北部7.5级地震发震断层初探

根据野外断层露头,探槽及热释光年龄样数据,揭示了大同盆地内黄花梁－山自皂断层为公元５１２年强震的发震断层,这对确定该次地震宏观震中及研究大同盆地地震活动性具有重要意义。     

地磁绝对测量大台距差值法对强震的反应

在应用地磁绝对测量预测地震中,为适应我国大陆地磁台距大的状况,充分利用地磁场等变线有规则分布特征,使原来仅限于小台距的差值预报法扩大到大台距,并取得了一定的预报效果,自1996年以来已获得M_s ≥ 6. 0震例6组次,并在震前做了一定程度的预测。     

河北张北地震前内蒙古井网水位的异常特征

对１９９８年１月１０日河北张北６．２级地震前后,内蒙古井网的兴和、三号地、丰镇、凉城井地下水位观测值的变化与地震的关系进行了分析,认为这次地震前的地下水位异常具幅度大（达３．５ｍ左右）、持续时间长（达２．５ａ）、先震中后外围逐渐出现等特征。     

Preliminary study on the mode of occurrence of arsenic in high arsenic coals from southwest Guizhou Province

Coal samples from high arsenic coal areas have been analyzed by electron micropbe analyzer (EMPA), scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffinction analysis (XRD), low temperature ashing (LTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), instnunent neutron activation analysis (INAA) and wet chemical analysis. Although some As-bearing minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, realgar (?), As-bearing sulfate, and As-bearing clays are found in the high arsenic coals, their contents do not account for the abundance of arsenic in the some coals. Analysis of the coal indicates that arsenic exists mainly in the form of A_s ⁵⁺ and A_s ³⁺, combined with compounds in the organic matrix. The occurrence of such exceptionally high arsenic contents in coal and the fact that the arsenic is dominantly organically associated are unique observations. The modes of occurrence of arsenic in high As-coals are discussed.     

Determination of the absolute32S/34S ratio of IAEA-S-1 reference material and V-CDT sulfur isotope standard

The absolute³²S/³⁴S ratios of IAEA-S-1 reference material and V-CDT standard are determined. For cross-checking, two sets of synthetic isotope mixtures are prepared from high purity³²S and³⁴S-enriched materials in different forms: the first set is prepared from BaSO₄ whereas the second is prepared from Ag₂S. The sulfur isotope analyses are done by using SF₆ method with a MAT-251 EM mass spectrometer. The resulting³²S/³⁴S ratio of IAEAS-1 reference material is 22. 656 4 ±0.006 0, and that of V-CDT is 22.649 6 ± 0.006 0. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 86020341).     

琅琊山抽水蓄能电站上水库副坝地段岩溶发育特征及渗漏分析

琅琊山抽水蓄能电站上水库位于岩溶区,水库的主要问题是副坝坝基深部的岩溶渗漏问题。本文简要分析副坝地段岩溶发育规律和特征,利用地下水渗流场分析岩溶渗漏特征和形式,并用岩溶管道水汇流理论分析和计算渗漏量,从而分析研究岩溶结构体的透水性,为岩溶渗漏分析和防渗处理提供依据      

地形与积云对流对重力惯性波不稳定增长的影响

利用一个带有地形的二层均质流体模式,引入参数化形式的积云对流加热反馈,研究了重力惯性波的不稳定增长及传播,得到并讨论了一些接近天气实际情况的结果。      

热带东风急流的气候学和中期振荡

本文用13年夏半年(5—10月)月平均风场和两年逐日风场资料研究了200hPa南亚热带东风急流的气候学特征和中期振荡过程。研究表明,南亚夏季热带东风急流显著的非季节性变动和年际差异与低纬对流层高层大尺度环流变化和南亚夏季风活动密切相关,相对于多年平均而言,存在5类异常的东风急流。 各种分析表明,热带东风带存在三种主要的中期振荡。准50天周期振荡与夏季南亚对流层上部大尺度散度场的变化相关联,表现为十分显著的向南的位相传播。准50天和25天振荡均存在显著的年际变化。准50天周期振荡系统性不强的年份,准25天周期振荡是低纬行星波的主要振荡,在东风急流区除表现为系统性向西传播外也表现为向南的位相传播。准双周振荡在东风带一般向西传播。