NUMERICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS BY NESTING HYDROLOGY MODEL DHSVM WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL RegCM2/CHINA

Based on improvement of a distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM for short)and its application to North China,a nested regional climatic-hydrologic model system is developedby connecting DHSVM with RegCM2/China.The simulated climate scenarios,including controland 2×CO_2 outputs,are downscaled to 8 stations in Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins todrive the hydrology model.According to simulation results,under double CO_2 scenarios,annualmean temperature and evapotranspiration will increase 2.8C and 29 mm,respectively;precipitation also increase but with different value for each basin,6 mm for Luanhe River Basinwhile 46 mm for Sanggan River Basin;runoff change for the two basins is different too,27 mmdecrease for Luanhe River Basin while 26 mm increase for Sanggan River Basin.As a result,therunoff in future for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin will be 74 mm and 71 mm,respectively,which is approximately a quarter of annual mean runoff(284 mm)of the wholecountry.Total streamflow for the two basins will decrease about 2.5×10~8m~3.All these indicatethat the warm and dry trend will continue in the two river basins under double CO_2 scenarios.Thenested model system,with both climatic and hydrologic prediction ability,could also be applied toother basins in China by parameter adjustment.     

公路工程地质遥感勘察

卫星遥感技术应用在公路选线中，具有常规方法无可比拟的优势。在湖南省常德-吉首高速公路初勘研究中，以正射航空相片，Landsat-TM数字图像为主要信息源，通过数据处理和地学遥感判释，并综合分析其它资料，对常吉公路沿线地区进行了地质构造。地层，地貌。地表水，第四系等遥感专题调查。探讨分析了不良地质现象分布规律。形成背景及发展演化趋势。在此基础上比较各设计线路之优缺点。并提出科学合理的建议线路方案。方法对自然条件十分复杂的西部公路建设有较好的借鉴意义。     

自主学习理念下的预习任务设计与课堂对接

在自主学习理念下,基于学情和学科特点设计预习的内容并进行类型的划分。针对预习效果,实现课堂教学对接,促进教学向生成性、实践性、研究性转化。本文以“宇宙中的地球”为例,探讨预习内容的设计与课堂对接,并对“地理1”模块的实践效果进行问卷调查统计和实践反思。     

如何突显地理课堂德育功能—— 以“新疆维吾尔自治区”为例

“立德树人”是教育的根本任务。本文以“新疆维吾尔自治区”一课为例,深入挖掘教材中具有育人价值的显性及隐性内容,运用不同形式的方法,引导学生在对视频、图片、图表等素材的解读过程中树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,并初步培养学生人地和谐的理念,给学生持久有效的德育效果。     

Climate change and multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization

Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues, and are a common concern for mankind. The relationship between these two topics is unclear and it is not known how to deal appropriately at the scientific level with climate change in the process of urbanization. Further exploration of the science, management and practice, are needed to achieve global and regional sustainadevelopment. This paper first considers the basic facts concerning mass urbanization and climate change and summarizes the interactions and possible mechanisms of urbanization and climate change. Urbanization leads to the heat island effect, an uneven distribution of precipitation and extreme weather, together with a local-regional-global multi-scale superposition effect, which aggravates the consequences of global climate change. The impact of climate change on urbanization is mainly manifested in aspects such as changes of energy consumption, mortality, and the spread of infectious diseases, sea level rise, extreme weather damage to infrastructure, and water shortages. This paper also briefly reviews relevant international research programs and action coalitions and puts forward an analysis framework multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization which can adapt to and mitigate climate change, from the perspective of the four key dimensions—population, land use, economy, and society. It is imperative that we strengthen the interdisciplinary activities involving the natural and social sciences, take urbanization and other human activities into consideration of the land-atmosphere system, and explore the human-land-atmosphere coupling process. The adaptation and mitigation from the perspective of human activities, as represented by urbanization, might be the most critical and realistic way to deal with climate change.     

GIS空间数据转换为DXF格式的若干问题

分析了GIS空间数据组织特征,AutoCAD数据模型的组织特征,DXF文件格式及转换过程中应该注意的问题,论述了转换过程中的关键技术,实现了瓦斯预警系统中的DXF文件格式的转换.     

A New Look at the Bistatic-to-Monostatic Conversion for Tandem SAR Image Formation

The bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, which are converted into equivalent monostatic data by proper preprocessing, can be processed by standard monostatic focusing algorithms. The dip moveout (DMO) approach, which is derived from seismic data processing, converts the bistatic data into equivalent monostatic data by a short time-domain Rocca's smile operator. A 2-D exact point-target (PT) reference spectrum is derived in this letter for tandem bistatic configuration. The geometry-based bistatic formulation is shown to be actually equivalent to Rocca's smile operator, although they are derived from the pure SAR and geophysics points of view, respectively. Moreover, the new PT spectrum can be extended to deal with azimuth-invariant bistatic SAR data. Interpretations on the equivalent monostatic range wavenumber are presented in this letter, which help understand the conversion from the radar signal processing viewpoint.      

阿尔金东段现代变形特征的SAR监测

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术(D-InSAR)可监测地球表面的微量形变,包括地震、火山活动、冰川漂移、地面沉降、活动断裂及山体滑坡等引起的地表位移,是近年来发展起来并得到日益重视的新方法,与其他监测方法(如GPS监测等)相比,用D-InSAR进行地面微位移监测具有全天时、全天候、精度高、覆盖范围大且空间连续的巨大优势。采用D-InSAR技术对阿尔金东段构造变形特征进行了研究,结果表明,阿尔金断裂带是青藏高原东北缘地壳变形的重要分界线。界线以北地区变形均匀,而且变形量较小;以南地区变形强烈且不均匀,变形强度的总体趋势为西高东低,中间受北祁连断裂带西段的影响,在断裂带中出现约为1.0cm的变形低值。另外,南区存在N65°W和近NW两个方向的线性强变形带,前者与阿尔金走滑断裂带次一级的压扭面方向一致,后者与北祁连断裂带西段的展布方向一致。     

AMDAR资料在机场天气预报中的应用

介绍了我国航空器空中报告（AMDAR）的下传及应用情况，包括AMDAR的数据特点、资料的实时分析及应用。重点介绍了AMDAR资料在机场临近预报中的应用，包括在风场分析、颠簸的诊断及警报以及在天气分析中的应用。     

基于T213产品与水汽收支的强降水面雨量预报方法及其误差分析

基于T213数值预报产品,以水汽收支平衡方程为基础,研制预报强降水的落区及强度的预报方法,并利用此方法制作6h面雨量的预报。该方法在2003年汛期淮河流域洪涝期间进行了应用,利用所得面雨量结果与实况降水进行各种误差分析。结果表明,预报正确率较高,该方法较为可靠,有一定的预报价值。