共和6.9级地震震前形变异常

本文介绍了共和地震后所测到的源兆型大地形变异常,讨论了异常出现的时间、空间及异常与区域构造应力场的关系。指出形变测量手段有能力捕捉到此种地震前兆信息。     

一次华北强降雪过程的湿对称不稳定性研究

运用湿球位涡和倾斜有效位能的概念从条件性对称不稳定（ＣＳＩ）和局地对称不稳定（ＬＳＩ）这两个侧面计算了一次华北强降雪过程的湿对称不稳定的水平分布和垂直分布状况，并比较详细地讨论了湿对称不稳定对１９８６年１１月２２—２３日发生在内蒙古河套地区和林东、林西地区附近的一条狭长的强降雪带的可能作用以及湿对称不稳定与基本气流走向、风垂直切变和水汽的关系，发现：这条降雪带与雪区附近低层的湿球位涡负值区走向大体平行；在降雪带中分别位于呼和浩特、东胜地区和林东、林西地区的强降雪中心有着不同的动力学机制，前者主要为在暖区具有弱的对称不稳定的情形下锋生强迫作用所致，后者则是由明显的湿对称不稳定所致。     

EVALUATION OF CGCM AND SIMULATION OF REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE IN EAST ASIA*

In this paper,experiment results about East Asia climate from five CGCMs are described.The ability of the models to simulate present climate and the simulated response to increased carbon dioxide are both covered.The results indicate that all models show substantial changes in climate when carbon dioxide concentrations are doubled.In particular,the strong surface warming at high latitudes in winter and the significant increase of summer precipitation in the monsoon area are produced by all models.Regional evaluation results show that these five CGCMs are particularly good in simulating spatial distribution of present climate.The main characteristics of the seasonal mean H500,SAT,MSLP field can be simulated by most CGCMs.But there are significant systematic errors in SAT,MSLP,HS00 fields in most models.On the whole,DKRZ OPYC is the best in simulating the present climate in East Asia.     

STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING THE TRANSFORMATION OF COLD AIR OVER LAND AFTER OUTBREAK OF COLD WAVES IN EAST ASIA

Authors have studied the transformation processes of cold air over land in East Asia for eight cases which occurredin different months of 1981.First,the surface eddy sensible and latent heat fluxes,and drag coefficient were estimatedaccording to the approach of similarity theory.Then,the apparent heat source,the apparent moisture sink,and solarand long-wave radiative heating(or cooling)were further calculated through the budget method and physicalparameterization algorithm.It has been found that the cold air immediately starts the transformation process over landonce it moves away from its region of origin.In winter,the degree of transformation of cold air mass gradually intensi-fied as it travelled southeastward;while arriving in the ocean,the cold air mass underwent the most significant transfor-mation process.In summer,the most vigorous transformation of thermal and moisture fields was observed in NorthChina and Mongolian region,with much greater intensity than that in winter.     

X射线荧光分析中的准绝对测量方法

基体效应校正是 X射线荧光分析方法中关键的一环 ,在很大程度上决定了测量数据的准确度。本文提出了一种新的基体效应校正方法—准绝对测量方法。它兼有相对测量和绝对测量方法的特点 ,并具有较广泛的适用性     

Review of Rapid Transformation of Floodplain Wetlands in Northeast China: Roles of Human Development and Global Environmental Change

Northeast China is the region with the largest area of wetlands in China. The Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain are large freshwater marsh distribution regions that are affected by climate warming and by the increasing frequency and density of extreme weather and are the regions most subject to disturbances by human activities in Northeast China. The wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain have shrunk severely in the past 60 years, and wetland functions have been reduced substantially because of climate change, unreasonable land use, fire episodes, engineering and construction works and urbanization. Large-scale agricultural development started in the 1950s has been the most important driving factor for wetland loss and degradation in the Sanjiang Plain. Water shortage has been the most important factor for degradation and fragmentation of wetlands in the Songnen Plain. To mitigate wetland degradation and better protect wetlands, special regulations, long-term mechanisms and technical support of wetland protection should be established. A wetland compensation program should be implemented, and technologies for increasing the adaptive capacity of wetlands should be developed. Moreover, it is most important to find the balanced threshold between agricultural development and wetland protection.     

公路工程地质遥感勘察

卫星遥感技术应用在公路选线中，具有常规方法无可比拟的优势。在湖南省常德-吉首高速公路初勘研究中，以正射航空相片，Landsat-TM数字图像为主要信息源，通过数据处理和地学遥感判释，并综合分析其它资料，对常吉公路沿线地区进行了地质构造。地层，地貌。地表水，第四系等遥感专题调查。探讨分析了不良地质现象分布规律。形成背景及发展演化趋势。在此基础上比较各设计线路之优缺点。并提出科学合理的建议线路方案。方法对自然条件十分复杂的西部公路建设有较好的借鉴意义。     

基于实测数据的综合脉冲星时研究

介绍了脉冲星计时在几个重要方面的应用,给出了脉冲星时间尺度的简要定义.基于澳大利亚PARKES天文台的毫秒脉冲星实测计时数据,建立了基于4颗毫秒脉冲星的综合脉冲星时,并将其稳定度σz与原子时进行比较,最后分析了影响综合脉冲星时的几个重要因素及其对脉冲星计时精度的影响与应用.     

High-frequency interference waves in low strain dynamic testing of X-section concrete piles

Stress waves propagate along vertical, radial and circumferential directions when a non-uniformly distributed load is applied at one end of a three-dimensional shaft. As a result, the receiving signals are usually mixed with undesired interference components, often featuring as high-frequency fluctuations. Previous studies have revealed that sectional geometry(shape and size) greatly affects the high-frequency interference. In this study, low strain dynamic testing on full-scale X-section concrete is conducted in order to investigate the influences of high-frequency interference on velocity responses at the pile head. Emphasis is placed on the frequency and peak value of interference waves at various receiving points. Additionally, the effects of the geometrical, and mechanical properties of the pile shaft on high-frequency interference are elaborated on through the three-dimensional finite element method. The results show that the measured wave is obscured by interference waves superposed by two types of high-frequency components. The modulus and cross-sectional area are contributing factors to the frequency and peak value of the interference waves. On the other hand, the position with the least interference is determined, to some extent, by the accurate shape of the X-section.     

一次强降水系统的演变和细结构分析

文章分析1992年7月23日河北省东部平原地区一次突发性暴雨过程，研究了产生特大暴雨的中-α尺度对流系统的演变及其细结构，讨论了该系统内部中心暖区形成的物理机制，并指出几种不同尺度的天气系统相互作用对这次暴雨系统的重要影响。