基于关系数据库的邻接域处理

本文就跨图幅的地物(邻接域)的管理问题作了一些有益的探讨，为了达到有效管理这个目的，本文采用Oracle公司提供的空间数据插件Spatial将空间数据和属性数据存入Oracle数据库中，这样不仅可以通过标准SQL语句可下裁任意区域的数据，而且数据库还会自动维护数据的完整性。因此，用空间数据库的管理方式使邻接域问题就不存在了。     

Similar single-difference model and its algorithm for solving GPS monitoring deformation directly at single epoch

A new similar singledifference mathematical model ( SS-DM) and its corresponding algorithm are advanced to solve the deformation of monitoring point directly in single epoch. The method for building the SSDM is introduced in detail, and the main error sources affecting the accuracy of deformation measurement are analyzed briefly, and the basic algorithm and steps of solving the deformation are discussed. In order to validate the correctness and the accuracy of the similar single-difference model, the test with five dual frequency receivers is carried out on a slideway which moved in plane in Feb. 2001. In the test, five sessions are observed. The numerical results of test data show that the advanced model is correct.     

Spatiotemporal filtering of regional GNSS network’s position time series with missing data using principle component analysis

The existing spatiotemporal analysis methods suppose that the involved time series are complete and have the same data interval. However missing data inevitably occur in the position time series of Global Navigation Satellite Systems networks for many reasons. In this paper, we develop a modified principal component analysis to extract the Common Mode Error (CME) from the incomplete position time series. The principle of the proposed method is that a time series can be reproduced from its principle components. The method is equivalent to the method of Dong et al. (J Geophys Res 111:3405–3421, 2006) in case of no missing data in the time series and to the extended ‘stacking’ approach under the assumption of a uniformly spatial response. The new method is first applied to extract the CME from the position time series of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) over the period of 1999–2009 where the missing data occur in all stations with the different gaps. The results show that the CMEs are significant in CMONOC. The size of the first principle components for the North, East and Up coordinates are as large as 40, 41 and 37 % of total principle components and their spatial responses are not uniform. The minimum amplitudes of the first eigenvectors are only 41, 15 and 29 % for the North, East and Up coordinate components, respectively. The extracted CMEs of our method are close to the data filling method, and the Root Mean Squared error (RMS) values computed from the differences of maximum CMEs between two methods are only 0.31, 0.52 and 1.55 mm for North, East and Up coordinates, respectively. The RMS of the position time series is greatly reduced after filtering out the CMEs. The accuracies of the reconstructed missing data using the two methods are also comparable. To further comprehensively test the efficiency of our method, the repeated experiments are then carried out by randomly deleting different percentages of data at some stations. The results show that the CMEs can be extracted with high accuracy at the non missing-data epochs. And at the missing-data epochs, the accuracy of extracted CMEs has a strong dependence on the number of stations with missing data.     

Variance components in errors-in-variables models: estimability,stability and bias analysis

Although total least squares has been substantially investigated theoretically and widely applied in practical applications, almost nothing has been done to simultaneously address the estimation of parameters and the errors-in-variables (EIV) stochastic model. We prove that the variance components of the EIV stochastic model are not estimable, if the elements of the random coefficient matrix can be classified into two or more groups of data of the same accuracy. This result of inestimability is surprising as it indicates that we have no way of gaining any knowledge on such an EIV stochastic model. We demonstrate that the linear equations for the estimation of variance components could be ill-conditioned, if the variance components are theoretically estimable. Finally, if the variance components are estimable, we derive the biases of their estimates, which could be significantly amplified due to a large condition number.     

Spatio-temporal GIS data model based on event semantics

There are mainly four kinds of models to record and deal with historical information. By taking them as reference, the spatio-temporal model based on event semantics is proposed. In this model, according to the way for describing an event, all the information are divided into five domains. This paper describes the model by using the land parcel change in the cadastral information system, and expounds the model by using five tables corresponding to the five domains. With the aid of this model, seven examples are given on historical query, trace back and recurrence. This model can be implemented either in the extended relational database or in the object-oriented database.     

Correction on effect of Earth’s oblateness in inversion of GPS occultation data

By using observed CHAMP orbit ephemeredes and MSISE-90 dry air model and regarding the earth as a sphere and an ellipsoid respectively, phase delays are simulated and the simulated data are retrieved under different schemes. The comparison between the inverted temperature profiles and the model temperature profiles shows that by inverting observed data, we will get temperature results with large errors if the effect of Earth’s oblateness is omitted. The correction method is proved to be effective because the temperature errors decreased obviously with this method.     

Forward simulation of gravity for crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe profile in eastern Tibetan plateau

The crustal structure of Xiachayu-Gonghe geophysical profile in eastern Tibetan plateau is simulated with Bouguer anomaly corrected for sediments and lithosphere. The forward simulation shows that the thickness of upper crust in eastern Tibetan plateau is about 20 km, and the density is 2.78×103kg/m3. The bottom interface of middle crust changes from 30 km to 40 km, the density of middle crust is 2.89×103kg/m3. The materials with low density of 2.78 ×103kg/m3 exist in middle crust, and those with high density of 3.33 ×103kg/m3 exist at the bottom of middle crust between Wenquan and Tanggemu. The density is 3.10 ×103kg/m3 in lower crust. The shallowest depth of Moho interface is about 56 km, and the deepest one is about 74 km, the undulation of interface is large, the deep Moho is located in Xiachayu, Chayu, Nujiang, and Wenquan. The crustal density of eastern Tibetan plateau is larger than that of central section; the low velocity layers are located in middle crust and bottom in eastern Tibetan plateau and at the bottom of the upper crust in the central plateau.     

基于夜间灯光数据的南京城镇用地提取

针对多时相夜间灯光影像无法直接对比的问题,该文提出了一种基于不变目标进行不同年份不同卫星夜间灯光数据的校正方法。在系统校正多时相夜间灯光数据的基础上,应用支持向量机分类算法提取城镇用地信息,并分析1992—2013年南京城镇扩张动态变化规律。结果表明:该数据校正方法可以有效减少年际夜间灯光影像之间的异常差异,提高不同年份数据间的连续性和可比较性;支持向量机分类算法提取的4个样区城镇用地信息总体精度和Kappa系数平均值分别为88.35%和0.56,能够准确反映区域城镇发展的实际情况;1992—2013年南京城镇经历先缓慢后快速的扩张过程,主城区在1992年城镇基础上往四周扩张,并沿长江及南北交通走廊发展。     

基于代理技术的多源GIS服务访问控制方法设计与实现

GIS门户用于整合各种来源的GIS服务,并为用户提供统一的GIS服务访问入口.访问控制是GIS门户建设的重要技术基础,现有方法是通过授权机制,授予用户相应GIS服务的访问权限.由于不隐藏原始服务地址,即使用户被取消授权,但因其已获取过原始服务地址,依然可绕过GIS门户访问相应的GIS服务,GIS门户无法对已注册GIS服务的访问情况进行控制.通过代理技术可以有效地隐藏原始服务地址,但由于GIS门户的特殊性,使用现有的代理服务器不仅配置复杂,而且要与GIS门户的授权机制相结合,实现难度大.为解决以上问题,本文基于代理技术的思路,自主研发实现了一种多源GIS服务访问控制方法,采用对注册GIS服务的原始服务地址的隐藏机制,以及建立与之对应的代理服务地址的映射关系,使得被授权用户只能访问代理服务地址,进而实现GIS门户中对注册GIS服务的访问控制.基于此设计实现的SuperMap iPortal注册服务访问控制模块,支持对注册的多源GIS服务进行代理,提供统一的代理服务根地址,方便对多源GIS服务进行统一使用、管理和维护.     

Image Pose Estimation Based on Procrustes Theory

This paper has established a high-precision hierarchical estimated pose parameters of image. Firstly, we select corresponding three image points of 3D points which constitute the largest area in image as a base, in order to estimate the depth and translate information; then based on the above method, we obtain the scale parameter of camera exterior information. And finally, the topic is transformed to a problem of estimating rotation relationship by vector, using Procrustes theory to obtain the best estimate of the angle elements of exterior parameters. The method can effectively solve problems which depth and coupling pose parameters cannot deal with. Experimental results show that this method of determining position and orientation parameter estimation model is of briefness, easy convergence and it can also achieve higher parameter estimation accuracy than the direct projection matrix factorization.