豫西熊耳山地区变质流体的性质与演化

流体包裹体研究发现,本区区域变质高峰期后热液以高盐度为特征,均一温度为205～360℃,盐度16～34wt％eq.NaCl。热液体系属Na-K-Cl-S-C型。变质压力增大到一定程度,变质流体的组成有重大改变,从以含水溶液为主的流体转到以CO_2为主的流体。不同地区的变质岩、混合岩中流体包裹体类型、均一温度、盐度都具有极大的相似性,为同一变质流体演化的产物,说明本区在变质-混合岩化构造热事件中具很大的均匀性。因此,变质作用过程中不可能有大规模的热流体循环,也不会造成大范围的矿质运移和沉淀成矿。本区金矿不是变质同生金矿,而是变质后生金矿。文中还对退变质过程中的p-T轨迹作了讨论。     

Experiment and Simulation of Non-Reactive Solute Transport in Porous Media

To more accurately predict the migration behavior of pollutants in porous media, we conduct laboratory scale experiments and model simulation. Aniline (AN) is used in one-dimensional soil column experiments designed under various media and hydrodynamic conditions. The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) and the continuous-time random walk (CTRW) were used to simulate the breakthrough curves (BTCs) of the solute transport. The results show that the media and hydrodynamic conditions are two important factors affecting solute transport and are related to the degree of non-Fickian transport. The simulation results show that CTRW can more effectively describe the non-Fickian phenomenon in the solute transport process than ADE. The sensitive parameter in the CTRW simulation process is , which can reflect the degree of non-Fickian diffusion in the solute transport. Understanding the relationship of with velocity and media particle size is conducive to improving the reactive solute transport model. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for better prediction of pollutant transport in groundwater.     

Magmatic process and geochemistry of Yangchuling calc-alkaline complex,Jiangxi Province

Oxygen and strontium isotope data indicate that the primary magma of the Yangchuling Complex resulted from the mixing of upper mantle materials with crustal materials. Under reducing environment with an oxygen fugacity off 10¹³ bar, the magma began to crystallize at a depth of 8km between 1000°–1180°C, forming granodiorite and monzonitic granite porphyry. When the upper portion of the monzonitic granite porphyry became solidified, while its lower part remained to be liquid, explosion occurred due to pressure decrease, resulting in the formation of explosion breccia and autoclastic phenomenon, providing channels for the migration of hydrothermal solutions and favorite space for ore precipitation. The complex belongs to the calc-alkaline series. Various rock types were emplaced one after another during the process of constant differentiation from a common magma. As indicated by sulfur isotope data, the hydrothermal solutions were derived, for the most part, from the magma with only a small fraction coming from meteoric waters. Ore-forming components, including those leached out of the country rocks, carried by the solutions gave rise to W-Mo enrichment upon second boiling due to pressure drop.     

Climatic Changes Dominant Interannual Trend in Net Primary Productivity of Alpine Vulnerable Ecosystems

The Three-River Headwaters (TRH), which is the source area of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River, is vulnerable and sensitive, and its alpine ecosystem is considered an important barrier for China’s ecological security. Understanding the impact of climate changes is essential for determining suitable measures for ecological environmental protection and restoration against the background of global climatic changes. However, different explanations of the interannual trends in complex alpine ecosystems have been proposed due to limited availability of reliable data and the uncertainty of the model itself. In this study, the remote sensing-process coupled model (GLOPEM-CEVSA) was used to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation in the TRH region from 2000 to 2012. The estimated NPP significantly and linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass sampled in the field (the multiple correlative coefficient R² = 0.45, significant level P < 0.01) and showed better performance than the MODIS productivity product, i.e. MOD17A3, (R² = 0.21). The climate of TRH became warmer and wetter during 1990-2012, and the years 2000 to 2012 were warmer and wetter than the years1990-2000. Responding to the warmer and wetter climate, the NPP had an increasing trend of 13.7 g m^-2 (10 yr)^-1 with a statistical confidence of 86% (P = 0.14). Among the three basins, the NPP of the Yellow River basin increased at the fastest rate of 17.44 g m^-2 (10 yr)^-1 (P = 0.158), followed by the Yangtze River basin, and the Lancang River, which was the slowest with a rate of 12.2 g m^-2 (10 yr)^-1 and a statistical confidence level of only 67%. A multivariate linear regression with temperature and precipitation as the independent variables and NPP as the dependent variable at the pixel level was used to analyze the impacts of climatic changes on the trend of NPP. Both temperature and precipitation can explain the interannual variability of 83% in grassland NPP in the whole region, and can explain high, medium and low coverage of 78%, 84% and 83%, respectively, for grassland in the whole region. The results indicate that climate changes play a dominant role in the interannual trend of vegetation productivity in the alpine ecosystems on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. This has important implications for the formulation of ecological protection and restoration policies for vulnerable ecosystems against the background of global climate changes.     

河南祁雨沟热液角砾岩体型矿床成硫流体研究

祁雨沟金矿床产于燕山期热液角砾岩筒内,通过对４号角砾岩体胶结物和石英－碳酸盐胶内流体包裹体研究表明,其中的包裹体类型非常复杂,有气体包裹体,气液包裹体,液体所裹体,含子矿物高盐裹体和含ＣＯ２包裹体五种类型,成矿的初始热液为高温高盐流体,它们来源于燕山期花岗岩浆热液,由于角砾岩体的隐爆,流体减压沸腾及古大气水的混入,热液中的金被沉淀成矿,形成胶结物型和脉型金矿化,金矿的开始成矿于温度较高（３１０～３     

Successive formation of secondary pores via feldspar dissolution in deeply buried feldspar-rich clastic reservoirs in typical petroliferous basins and its petroleum geological significance

Science China Earth Sciences - Clastic rock reservoirs in petroliferous basins are generally rich in feldspars. Feldspar dissolution has developed widely in clastic reservoirs, and the resulting...     

城市扩张CA模型的参数敏感性分析

以广州市番禺区为研究区,构建了相应的城市扩张CA模型,从采样、邻域结构和微观元胞尺度等方面研究了CA模型的敏感性。首先通过改变模型采样比例、样本各个类别的比例等研究样本对模型参数的影响。然后分析不同的邻域结构与模型模拟精度的关系,并从微观尺度分析邻域元胞对中心元胞的影响。最后从空间尺度上分析CA模型在各种不同分辨率下的模拟结果,用景观指数剖析模拟结果的形态,同时在元胞摩尔邻域内分析其3×3邻域的城市发展密度变化情况。实验表明:(1)适当提高采样比例,会得到精度较高的权重,但训练样本中城市用地的比例应该与城市用地的转变量在全区的占比相匹配。(2)不论是采用摩尔邻域还是冯诺依曼邻域,模拟精度均随着空间尺度的增加而降低。在同一空间尺度下,采用摩尔邻域的模拟结果略好。相比冯诺依曼4个邻域元胞,摩尔邻域中的角点对中心元胞具有更大的影响。(3)随着空间分辨的降低,模拟结果的斑块数、斑块密度、聚集度和分形维度值在减少,结构变得简单,而且在微观的摩尔邻域中城市发展密度正在减少,即由高密度向低密度转换。     

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