基于Pix4Dmapper的无人机低空摄影测量数据处理

随着科技发展,无人机的使用就像汽车一样应用于各个领域,成熟的航空摄影测量理论为无人机在测量方面的使用提供了坚实的基础,而后处理成像软件通过提供三维模型来实现数据的精确可视化,更进一步提高了无人机的有效性。本文利用航空摄影测量的中心投影原理,提出基于Pix4Dmapper的无人机低空摄影测量数据处理流程,对经过空中三角测量和相机校准的航摄像片经过光束法区域网平差、空三加密、点云编辑、滤波处理,生成高精度的Google瓦片、正射影像图(DOM)、三维点云模型、数字表面模型(DSM)、数字高程模型(DEM)、数字地面模型(DTM),经过多次应用表明:处理成果能够满足应用需求,极大促进了摄影测量技术的发展。     

中国中部农区农民工多阶流动及影响因素研究——以河南省6个村为例

基于田野调查深度访谈数据,采用统计分析和逐次二元Logistic方法,对农民工空间流动随时间变化的规律进行研究,提出并验证农民工多阶流动假说。研究认为,农民工对务工地的选择是一个趋于优化的动态过程,随着流动次数的增加,务工地逐渐趋于稳定,区位务工时间延长,村落附近的城镇渐成主要务工地选项,流动动因中的主观动因强化,被动动因弱化,逐次流动模型中务工年限、务工地域类型、务工者年龄、家庭人口规模、家庭耕地面积、村地形、村务工人数比例、村区位等主要因子的显著性程度和方向也发生相应变化。经过多次流动,务工地愈加符合务工者预期。     

全球化下的“生产消费者”——分布式生产系统研究评述

经济全球化背景下,日益精细的劳动分工和跨地域生产协作带来生产片段化和地方专业化集聚。这种生产模式加剧了生产与消费的割裂,并将消费主义作为驱动生产不断扩大的途径。近年来,基于智能电网、可再生能源、3D打印等新兴技术的应用,生产与消费活动紧密联系的分布式生产模式受到可持续发展领域的关注,其中分布式可再生能源的利用和推广成为最主要的驱动力。论文以“生产消费者(Prosumer)”这一概念为切入点,从地理条件、技术基础、市场协作关系和可持续性表现4个方面,探讨分布式生产系统中生产与消费关系的重构。结论指出：以分布式生产为特征的“产消一体”生产模式并非是一种全球化脱钩策略,而是在开放条件下,生产与消费更紧密联系的地方化过程,这种生产模式转型有可能为更多样化的可持续发展实践开辟空间,值得进一步开展以行动为导向的扎根研究和区域比较分析。     

Practice of barren hilly land consolidation and its impact: A typical case study from Fuping County,Hebei Province of China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Land is the root of rural revitalization, and its core is to reinvigorate land resources through the building up of land capacity. Since the late 1990s, land...     

The Relationship between Propagation Time and Sound Velocity Profile for Positioning Seafloor Reference Points

This paper focuses on the relationship between the propagation time and the integral of the sound velocity profile (SVP) with respect to depth (SVP area for short) for positioning seafloor reference points. We proved a linear relationship between the propagation time and the SVP area and defined its mathematical expression (ST law). We showed in three simulations of possible variations in SVPs (random errors, internal waves, or a combination of both) that this ST law is verified. Using this new law in a simulated experiment, the ranging residuals due to sound velocity change through time are significantly improved. With this method, monitoring the SVP while acquiring travel times to a submerged transponder can significantly reduce the positioning errors of the transponder.     

Spirulina cultivation in China

This paper reviews and discusses the development and many problems ofSpirulina cultivation in China, points out the advantages and disadvantages of open photobioreactor system, and predicts that seawaterSpirulina cultivation will be a new trend to be strengthened and emphasized due to its special physiological characteristics, easier management, lower fertilizer cost, and higher resistance to contaminants and rare pollution of chemicals.

     

Submarine landslides on the north continental slope of the South China Sea

Recent and paleo-submarine landslides are widely distributed within strata in deep-water areas along continental slopes, uplifts, and carbonate platforms on the north continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS). In this paper, high-resolution 3D seismic data and multibeam data based on seismic sedimentology and geomorphology are employed to assist in identifying submarine landslides. In addition, deposition models are proposed that are based on specific geological structures and features, and which illustrate the local stress field over entire submarine landslides in deep-water areas of the SCS. The SCS is one of the largest fluvial sediment sinks in enclosed or semi-enclosed marginal seas worldwide. It therefore provides a set of preconditions for the formation of submarine landslides, including rapid sediment accumulation, formation of gas hydrates, and fluid overpressure. A new concept involving temporal and spatial analyses is tested to construct a relationship between submarine landslides and different time scale trigger mechanisms, and three mechanisms are discussed in the context of spatial scale and temporal frequency: evolution of slope gradient and overpressure, global environmental changes, and tectonic events. Submarine landslides that are triggered by tectonic events are the largest but occur less frequently, while submarine landslides triggered by the combination of slope gradient and over-pressure evolution are the smallest but most frequently occurring events. In summary, analysis shows that the formation of submarine landslides is a complex process involving the operation of different factors on various time scales.     

南海北部海面风速概率分布特征

利用南海北部的浮标、石油平台观测的海面风资料,分析了0~200 km范围内,不同离岸距离站点的风速的概率分布特征。观测结果指出,各站平均风速一般最大值出现在冬季,最小值出现在夏季,具有明显的季节变化特征,并且平均风速随着离岸距离的增大也逐渐增大。对于离岸距离较近的区域（100 km以内）,海面风基本符合双参数的Weibull分布,但对于100 km以外的海面风速概率分布与Weibull分布存在明显差异,随着离岸距离的增大,平均风速和风速标准偏差也相应增大。风速平均值与风速标准偏差的比值较小时,Weibull分布的偏斜度基本为正值,当比值较大时偏斜度转为负值。随着离岸距离的增大,出现与Weibull分布不一致的情况越来越多,且与对应的Weibull分布相比,其偏斜度越小,风速概率分布越不能用Weibull分布进行较好拟合。     

用时钟方波测试地震数采时间精度及系统特性

用采集时钟方波信号加以分析的方法评估地震数据采集器的授时、守时服务精度、稳定性及系统特性。将具有时钟误差日志记录的数采的时间精度测试结果与日志记录相比较,二者完全一致;用时钟方波信号实测的数采经验传递函数与用厂家提供的滤波器系数并校正滤波器时间延迟计算的理论频率特性相符。实测结果显示,由于数采守时误差变化呈非线性,即使同一型号的不同数采间,其守时能力也可以差别很大;对于不同的数采及抽取滤波器,由于滤波延迟时间校正的参考点不一致,可导致数采记录数据的时间服务存在1个采样点左右的时间差,这对时间精度要求高的研究工作是不能接受的。     

用双节点有限单元模拟渗流模型中的断裂与裂隙

将岩石结构力学中的三维节理单元的概念引入含裂隙系的渗流模型中,提出双节点渗流单元,用于模拟断层在地下岩体渗流场中的影响与作用,分析其物理意义,给出具体的单元渗流矩阵表达式