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伽师地区强震群前后地壳运动变形的数值模拟

运用 DDA( Discontinuous Deformation Analysis)方法 ,用 GPS测量资料模拟了伽师强震群前后的地壳运动及变形的演化过程。模拟结果表明 :1994～ 1998年整个研究区域以南北向压应变增大为主 ,帕米尔东北侧和南天山的应变率较大。伽师及邻近区域有明显的南北向挤压为主的应力集中。若强制应力集中块体沿最大剪应力方向 ( NEE向 )破裂 ,在伽师地区会出现显著的应力降。相对喀什的速率场表明 :帕米尔与南天山有较大的南北向相对挤压运动 ,由于帕米尔向北运动的带动使塔里木块体有微弱的右旋运动。破裂后托特拱孜断裂和柯坪断裂出现相对左旋运动 ,能量有沿着断裂向北东东方向传递的趋势。     

海域使用权立体分层确权及管理配套制度探讨

由于社会经济的不断发展和科技的快速进步,我国对海域空间资源的开发利用已从二维平面转向三维立体空间开发,但随之也对我国海域空间范围界定和权属管理提出了更高的要求。文章从海域立体空间分层特性出发,对我国海域使用权立体分层确权的内涵、基本原则、考虑因素进行了深入剖析,并对我国海域三维立体开发利用中面临的困境和管理配套制度的设计进行了综合探讨。研究结果表明：海域空间可以分为水面上方、水面、水体、海床和底土5个部分,海域使用权立体分层确权则是在同一海域多层次利用中,对基于特定功能用途所占用的特定海域空间开展使用权确权的过程,在海域使用权管理的过程中,必须构建和完善海域空间三维产权法律制度体系,以确保海域使用权立体分层确权的实施。     

中国省级以上开发区产业集聚的多尺度分析

从"区域-省域-地(市)"3个空间尺度入手,分析中国开发区产业集聚特征,结果表明:①中国开发区总体上以技术密集型为主导,装备制造、电子信息、生物医药产业优势明显.但东中西部差异巨大,技术密集型、劳动密集型、资本密集型产业分别占据地区主导地位.②开发区产业集聚度随尺度缩小而扩大,城市群、中心城市是其最重要的空间载体.同时...     

均匀弹性全空间中走滑断层产生的方向性速度脉冲研究

本文在均匀弹性全空间中对走滑断层附近方向性速度脉冲作了定性研究。研究表明,方向性速度脉冲主要与观测点和破裂起始点之间的一部分破裂面的破裂过程有关;方向性速度脉冲的周期随震源时间函数中的上升时间增大而增加。破裂速度对于方向性速度脉冲的峰值和周期有重要影响,一般而言,随着破裂速度的增加,方向性速度脉冲的周期减少,峰值增大。因此在统计脉冲的峰值和周期与矩震级的关系时,需要考虑破裂速度的影响。     

冲绳海槽Jade热液区海底块状硫化物的Os同位素组成

用碱熔法新测得Jade热液区7件海底块状硫化物样品的锇含量及其同位素组成，^187Os／^186Os比值在2．205—6．462之间，均值为4．314，高于地幔端员，而低于海洋沉积物和海水端员，表明该区块状硫化物中锇是深部来源锇与海水和／或沉积物混合的产物。结合该区块状硫化物样品的REE、硫和铅同位素组成特征，进一步揭示出海水、长英质火山岩、沉积物和深部地幔源是形成Jade区块状硫化物的物源。     

养殖欧洲鳗鲡狂游病的病原体研究

从患狂游病的病鳗体内进行病原菌分离,得到３株菌,编号为９８０１,９８０２,９８０３。经人工感染,确定９８０１,９８０３两菌株为致病菌。从人工感染的病鱼分邝得到２菌株,编号为９８０４,９８０５。４菌株的特征具有明显的一致性：革兰氏阴性,短杆状,氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、精氨酸双水解酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶、ＶＰ反应,吲哚试验显阳性,鸟氨酸脱羧酶、尿酶、苯丙氨酸脱氨酶阴性,鉴定９８０１,９８０３,９８０４,９８０５     

水布垭水库水压应力场、孔压场及形变场分析

本文以Biot的固结理论为基础,利用有限单元法,对水布垭水库未来蓄水后地壳岩石中由于附加水荷载所产生的各种力学效应进行了数值计算。计算中沿清江从招徕河到恩施之间共取剖面48个。认为:(1)水体荷载产生的附加应力场、孔压场和形变场在库岸附近造成压应力差和位移差,特别是分布有附加的张应力,促使库水向外渗透和扩散,导致孔压改变、有效应力降低或增大;(2)水布垭库坝区的张性断裂和喀斯特较发育的地段,由于水体荷载效应和库水的渗透及扩散作用,易沟通地下水的动力联系,使岩体失稳并在浅层易产生倾斜型或倾斜型兼走滑型滑动;(3)孔压和位移一般在库基下几公里深度区域内多形成一个高值孔压和低值位移的变换带,是应力易于集中的场所;(4)水荷载产生的各种附加效应,受蓄水方式和蓄水时间的影响。     

Sedimentary evidence for recent eutrophication in the northern basin of Lake Taihu,China: human impacts on a large shallow lake

Environmental change in Lake Taihu and its catchment since the early to middle part of the twentieth century has left a clear geochemical record in the lake sediments. The human activities in the lake and its catchment responsible for the change include agriculture, fishery, urbanisation, sewage and industrial waster disposal. Sediment cores were collected from Meilian Bay of northern Lake Taihu to investigate the record of anthropogenic impacts on the lake’s ecosystem and to assess its natural, pre-eutrophication baseline state. Two marked stratigraphic sediment units were identified on the basis of total phosphorus concentration (TP), pigments, total organic carbon (TOC)/total nitrogen (TN), δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N corresponding to stages in the lake history dominated by phytoplankton, and by aquatic macrophytes. Results show that as TP loading increased from the early 1950s the lake produced sediments with increasing amounts of organic matter derived from phytoplankton. In the early 1950s, the first evidence for eutrophication at the Meilian Bay site is recorded by an increase in C/N values and in sediment accumulation rate, but there is little change in phosphorus concentrations, pigments, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N at this time. After 1990 a more rapid increase in trophic status took place indicated by increased levels of phosphorus, pigments, δ¹⁵N and by decreased δ¹³C and TOC/TN values in the lake sediments. The first increase in trophic status of the early 1950s results mainly from agricultural development in the catchment. In contrast, the acceleration from ca. 1990 originates from the recent development of fisheries and the urbanisation and industrialisation of the catchment.     

Selection of better extractants to indicate Pb bioavailability in lead-contaminated agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province

The accumulation of Pb in the food chain is one of the great concerns as it can cause chronic health problems and the available Pb is easily absorbed by crops. To shed light on Pb bioavailability in lead-contaminated agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, a series of plant growth experiments were performed in a greenhouse to select more suitable extractants from five commonly used extractants (0.1 M HCl, 1 M NH4OAc, 0.1 M CaCl2, DTPA-TEA and Mehlich 3). The results showed that 1 M NH4OAc can extract Pb best, indicating the Pb bioavailability, then, DTPA-TEA and 0.1 M HCl in the tested soils. In case 1 M NH4OAc was used as an extractant, the critical Pb concentrations in soils were 50.19 mg/kg, 21.16 mg/kg and 114.00 mg/kg (1 M NH4OAc extracted Pb) in silty loam, yellowish-red soil and purplish soil, respectively. When the values exceed the above ones, the contents of Pb in Chinese cabbage leaves will exceed the Chinese Tolerance Limit of Lead in Foods (GB14935-94), as a result, potential ecological risk and hazard to human health via the food chain will appear.