ON THE MAINTENANCE OF BLOCKING ANTICYCLONES OF NORTHERN HEMISPHERE-PARTⅠ:QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANALYSIS

Four observed blocking anticyclones in different regions of the Northern Hemisphere are investigated.Analyses show that there exist distinct differences in the maintenance of the time-mean quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity(PV) low in 300 hPa within blocking areas.In two Pacific blocking cases,the PV advection by time-mean flow tends to flow the PV low to northwestern part of the blocking highs,and thus is beneficial to the maintenance of the blockings'strength.The transfer by transient eddies acts to balance the effect of the time-mean flow.In the Atlantic and Alaska blocking cases,however,the advection of mean flow tends to flow the PV low eastward.The PV transfer by transient eddies acts to flow potential vorticity low to the western part of the blocking ridges and also to balance the time-mean flow's effect.Thus,in the latter two cases,it is the transfer by the transient eddies that acts to maintain the blockings.     

腰椎间盘突出术前神经根增强磁共振表现

本文分析４３例腰椎间盘突出术前患者增强前后ＭＲ表现：全部病例均有腰间盘突出症状而未行任何脊柱手术，采用１．０Ｔ超导磁共振机，进行Ｔ１加权增强前后扫描。     

Sensitivity of the IAP two-level AGCM to surface albedo variations

Summary Two numerical experiments were performed for sensitivity study of surface albedo, one was a control run in which the albedo values for snow-free surfaces were prescribed as constant; the other was a sensitivity run in which an albedo with seasonal variation was incorporated into the model show that the simulation of precipitation is sensitive to the surface albedo variations, especially those over Eastern Asia and the Sahara. Changes in surface albedo also have an impact on the monthly mean sea level pressure, especially on the July-mean Western Pacific subtropical high. Surface air temperature decreased over most of the Eastern Asia but increases over most of the Antarctica in July.With 6 Figures     

1996年2月3日云南丽江7.0级地震丽江县城震害统计和损失评估

在丽江７．０级地震中，丽江县城大研镇遭受到８度地震破坏，死亡７７人，死亡率为万分之十二点五，房屋破坏，室内财产和生命线工程的直接经济损失总计为７．８６亿元，相当于丽江全县近两年的工农业总产值，在县城中，按８度抗震设防的砖混和钢筋混凝土结构的房屋建筑和生命线工程经受住了这次七级地震的考验，大多为基本完好和轻微损坏，而大量民族形式的穿斗木构架土坯围护墙房屋破坏较为严重，在重建家园中应采取抗震措施。     

峨眉山玄武岩母岩浆的性质及其成因类型

作者通过对峨眉山玄武岩的研究工作，对峨眉山玄岩浆提出新的看法，认为它是一种过渡类型的临界面岩浆。     

中国主要牧区雪灾遥感监测评估模型研究

该文以中国雪灾高发区的西藏那曲地区为例，主要介绍了在试验区雪灾背景数据库支持下，利用ＮＯＡＡ／ＡＶＨＲＲ卫星遥感资料对雪灾进行判别，预测及对灾情损失进行综合评估的一些技术和方法，其内容包括：（１）用于雪灾危险等级分析与判定的判别模型；（２）用于灾情发展趋势模拟与预测的预测模型；（３）用于灾情损失综合评估与估算的评介模型。并运用这些模型对１９９５年２－３月发生在西藏那曲的雪灾进行实时分析，其结果和实     

Simulation of East Asian Summer Monsoon by Using an Improved AGCM

The IAP 2-L AGCM is modified by introducing a set of climatological surface albedo data into the model for substituting the model’s original surface albedo parameterization. The comparison between the observations and the simulation results by the modified model shows that the general features of the East Asian summer monsoon can be well reproduced by the modified IAP 2-L AGCM. Especially for the simulation of monsoon precipitation, the modi-fied model can well reproduce not only the monthly mean features of the summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia, but also the stepwise advance and retreat of the East Asian summer monsoon rainbelt. Analysis results demonstrate that the good simulation of the monsoon rainfall is closely related to the reasonable simulation of the large scale gen-eral circulation over East Asian region, such as the western Pacific subtropical high, Asian monsoon low and the low level flows. The good performance of the modified model in the rainfall simulation shows its great potential to serve as a useful tool for the prediction of summer drought / flood events over East Asia.     

温度微结构的高空气球观测

本文给出了在河北省香河县的一次高空气球垂直探测大气温度起伏的主要结果。由气球吊篮上端同一水平线上三个钨丝温度计测量的温度起伏计算出不同水平和垂直距离的湍流结构常数。结果表明:大气在大于0.33～1.07 m的范围满足Kolmogorov的2/3定律，垂直方向温度谱分析表明-5/3幂率区可达20 m以上。文章还讨论了小尺度湍流的各向同性问题。     

贵州及邻区奥陶纪红花园期岩相古地理特征

笔者于1986至1988年期间,对贵州及邻区早奥陶世岩相古地理进行了大量的野外及室内研究。在前人工作的基础上,综合自己的观察研究,对贵州及邻区红花园期岩相古地理特征获得较系统的认识。一、地层概况贵州及邻区早奥陶世红花园期的地层主要为: 在三都一带的同高组下部,湖南吉首为桃花石组或马刀堉组,向西至四川南部及贵州大部称红花园组。靠近古陆边缘的滇东及川西南为红石崖组下部。