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991.
Daniel Bernoulli Lukas Hottinger Silvia Spezzaferri Peter Stille 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2007,100(2):215-225
Shallow-water limestones of presumed Late Cretaceous and Eocene age, interbedded with basaltic lavas, were described by earlier authors from São Nicolau in the northwestern part of the Cabo Verde archipelago. If confirmed, these ages would imply late Mesozoic shallow-marine and subaerial volcanic activity in the Cabo Verde archipelago, and document a geological history very different from that known so far from other Cabo Verde Islands, from which no subaerial volcanic activity before the mid-Cenozoic is known. Our re-investigation of the foraminiferal fauna indicates a Late Miocene age for the presumed Late Cretaceous and Eocene limestones. The hypothesis of a long-lived hot spot, active by the Early Cretaceous, and of a major island-building stage in the Cabo Verde Islands during this period, is therefore not supported by the present bio- or chronostratigraphic data. 相似文献
992.
993.
There is an exceptionally rich aquatic fauna in the epikarst, the skin of karst. High species richness in the epikarst, coupled
with its special vulnerability as the first point of entry of nearly all toxic spills, makes its protection especially important.
The epikarst fauna may also be an useful tool in tracing the potential route of pollutants. Copepods in epikarst have extremely
local distributions, and their body size is such that they are largely at the mercy of directional flows. In a series of caves
in southwest Slovenia and West Virginia, a significant fraction of the copepod species occur in less than 100 m of linear
extent. This suggests a pattern of highly restricted lateral flow under normal conditions and the distribution of copepods
could potentially be used to trace water movement. Under high flow conditions as would often be the case with toxic spill,
mounding of water may increase the lateral radius of flow. Nevertheless, copepods may be useful tracers. 相似文献
994.
A. Foubert D. Van Rooij D. Blamart J.-P. Henriet 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(1):141-158
Three provinces, characterized by the presence of carbonate mounds interpreted as cold-water coral banks have been reported
in Porcupine Seabight, SW of Ireland and were recently subjected to many detailed studies. This contribution discusses the
use of X-ray imagery and physical properties in deciphering palaeoceanographic, sedimentological and biological processes.
Physical property core logging and X-ray imagery are used to identify and describe sedimentation regimes and so their respective
palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatological settings in two mound provinces, respectively the Belgica mound province and the
Magellan mound province. Both provinces show at present time clear differences in the hydrodynamic environment. This study
confirms that also during the past the oceanographic and sedimentological environment of both provinces differ clearly. Impacts
of glacial–interglacial variations and locally derived ice rafting events (IRE), comparable with the North Atlantic Heinrich
events (HE) have been recognized in both provinces. Moreover, the combination of X-ray imagery, magnetic susceptibility, gamma
density and P-wave velocity makes it possible to estimate the coral content and coral distribution in unopened cores localized
on top of carbonate mounds. A comparison between on-mound and off-mound cores in both provinces allowed revealing some mechanisms
of mound evolution and coral growth versus time. 相似文献
995.
A model for estimating the value of sampling programs and the optimal number of samples for contaminated soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pär-Erik Back 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(3):573-585
A model is presented for estimating the value of information of sampling programs for contaminated soil. The purpose is to calculate the optimal number of samples when the objective is to estimate the mean concentration. A Bayesian risk–cost–benefit decision analysis framework is applied and the approach is design-based. The model explicitly includes sample uncertainty at a complexity level that can be applied to practical contaminated land problems with limited amount of data. Prior information about the contamination level is modelled by probability density functions. The value of information is expressed in monetary terms. The most cost-effective sampling program is the one with the highest expected net value. The model was applied to a contaminated scrap yard in Göteborg, Sweden, contaminated by metals. The optimal number of samples was determined to be in the range of 16–18 for a remediation unit of 100 m2. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the perspective of the decision-maker is important, and that the cost of failure and the future land use are the most important factors to consider. The model can also be applied for other sampling problems, for example, sampling and testing of wastes to meet landfill waste acceptance procedures. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
I. Camilo Higuera-Díaz Philip J. Carpenter Michael D. Thompson 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(4):805-812
Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination, with numerous points of entry for contaminants through recharge features
such as sinkholes, swallow holes and solutionally enlarged fractures. These recharge features may be filled or obscured at
the surface, requiring the use of geophysical or remote sensing techniques for their identification. This study uses seismic
refraction data collected at the Ft. Campbell Army Airfield (CAAF), Kentucky, USA, to test the hypothesis that refraction
tomography is a useful tool for imaging bedrock depressions beneath thick overburden (greater than 20 m of unconsolidated
sediment). Southeast of the main taxiway of CAAF seismic velocity tomograms imaged a bedrock low, possibly a closed depression,
at a depth of 25 m that had been earlier identified through delay-time analysis of the same refraction data. Tomography suggests
the bedrock low is about 250-m wide by 10-m deep at its widest point. High rates of contaminant vapor extraction over the
western extension of this feature suggest a high concentration of contaminants above, and within, this filled bedrock low,
the base of which may contain solutionally enlarged fractures (i.e. karst conduits) that could funnel these contaminants to
the upper or lower bedrock aquifers. This study thus demonstrates the viability of seismic refraction tomography as a tool
for identification of filled sinkholes and bedrock depressions in karst areas. 相似文献
999.
Hanifi Canakci 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(4):915-922
This paper focuses on an investigation of the possible causes for the collapse of limestone caves in Gaziantep, Turkey. The
city contains a lot of man-made caves, at a shallow depth, of various width and length. These caves were mainly excavated
to provide work or storage space. As the city has been growing fast with increased population, many structures were constructed
over these caves. Recently, two caves collapsed and five houses were damaged. These caves are all made of limestone and it
was observed after the collapse that the limestone was saturated with water due to sewer pipe leakage and surface water. Tests
were carried out on the limestone and it was determined that the compressive strength of limestone decreases by about 50%
and the tensile strength decreased by about 80% when saturated with water. It was concluded that the reduced strength of the
limestone combined with additional loads due to the factors mentioned above seem to be the main reason for these collapses. 相似文献
1000.