基于小波分析的海洋磁力测量数据调差方法

针对传统测线网平差法在测区检查线数据缺失或测线网不规则布设时,测线系统差难以调整的问题,研究了基于小波多尺度分析的海洋磁力测量资料调差方法,利用小波多分辨率分析的功能,从低频真实磁异常信息中分离出相对高频的测线系统差,并讨论了小波分解阶数的选择对调差效果的影响。仿真分析表明,当二维小波分解阶数为1,一维分解阶数为4时,调差效果最好,分离出的测线系统差与仿真误差差值的均方差仅为0.29nT,均值仅为-0.35nT,验证了小波多尺度分析法用于海洋磁力测量数据调差的可行性。     

Current Status of Global Ocean Reanalysis Datasets

With the development of the ocean satellite remote sensing technology, the reanalysis of past oceanic observations using modern data assimilation technique and the restructuring of the long-term and consistent gridded data products have made great progress. Such datasets provide us with the most primary research tools to identify the state and evolution of ocean, and understand the role of ocean in climate change and variability at different spatial-temporal scales. In this paper, the current research status in the global reanalysis datasets including some of international global ocean reanalysis projects and the corresponding reanalyzed products were systematically reviewed. In addition, the present status of the domestic research of ocean reanalysis datasets was briefly introduced. The validation of the reanalysis datasets and some quality problems represented by the reanalyzed products, and the Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison Project were systematically reviewed. Moreover, the prospects of the studies of oceanic reanalysis in the future were also discussed in this paper.     

Performance Analysis of the χMD Matrix Solver Package for MODFLOW-USG

The χMD matrix solver package is incorporated into USGS groundwater modeling software, such as MODFLOW-NWT, MODFLOW-USG, and MT3D. The solver is used to solve matrices assembled through numerical discretization of the groundwater flow equation, and solute transport equations. χMD has demonstrated its higher robustness, faster execution speed, and more efficient memory usage compared to the existing solvers for many types of groundwater flow problems. χMD uses preconditioned iterative Krylov-subspace methods and consists of preconditioning and acceleration modules. Because the solver package uses a variety of preconditioning features including level-based incomplete lower-upper (ILU) factorization method with a drop tolerance scheme, users must choose optimal preconditioning parameters to improve execution speed and robustness. In order to examine how the preconditioning parameters, ILU factorization level, and drop tolerance values affect the overall performance of the matrix solver, we evaluated five different groundwater model applications using MODFLOW-USG that include different numerical complexities. For those five cases, the number of discretization nodes varied from 10,000 cells to 730,300 cells. From the analysis, we found that the preconditioning parameters greatly affect execution times and memory usage of the preconditioning and acceleration procedures. In addition, a combination of the ILU level between five to seven and the drop tolerance value between 10⁻² and 10⁻³ usually resulted in shorter overall execution time. Our study suggests that the users can elicit higher performance and robustness of the χMD matrix solver using this combination of the parameters and enhance computational efficiency of solving groundwater and solute transport problems.     

两个雷电预警系统的应用和对比

四川省防雷中心自主研发了多因子融合雷电短临预警系统,并投入业务试运行.协助中国气象科学院研制开发了CAMS_LNWS雷电临近预警系统,并进行本地化处理和业务试用.对两个系统进行了简要介绍,并就应用情况进行了比较分析.结果表明：两个系统均具有较强的雷电预警能力,对19次雷电天气过程预警的TS评分,平均超过0.75.在实际应用中发现：CAMS_LNWS系统对未来新生雷电活动有更强的预警能力,而多因子融合短临预警系统则对已经出现雷电的移动路径和未来发展趋势有更好的预警效果,两者之间的结合应用为四川省雷电短临预警提供了技术支撑.     

雷电临近预警系统在四川省的推广应用

为了提高四川省防雷减灾工作效率,推动雷电服务数字化、网络化、集约化、规范化、标准化,实现快速、准确、高效的雷电短时临近预警,四川省防雷中心协助中国气象科学研究院,共同研制开发了“四川省雷电短时临近预警系统”.目前四川省防雷中心已经结合本地的实际情况开展雷电临近预警业务试运行.同时在成都、凉山、眉山、绵阳、乐山等市州气象台进行区域化雷电监测预警预报推广应用,初步实现雷电监测预警预报业务和服务,并在2010 ～2011年几个重大天气过程中成功进行了雷电预警预报,同时对当地气象台站进行强天气过程预测预报提供了辅助手段,得到了有关职能部门及当地各级政府的充分肯定.     

MTS试验机岩石压缩试验变形测量数据的选取方法研究

变形测量数据的选取对认识岩石力学性质及变形参数的计算有着重要影响.MTS试验机已被广泛应用于岩石力学试验中,其中岩石的变形测量常用方式有引伸计、LVDT和压板位移,这3种测量方法得到的轴向应变的准确性和适用性有待深入研究.本研究采用MTS试验机进行岩石的单轴和三轴压缩试验,对比引伸计、压板位移和LVDT 3种方式测量得...     

Stability evaluation of rock slope based on discrete fracture network and discrete element model: a case study for the right bank of Yigong Zangbu Bridge

Acta Geotechnica - Distribution characteristics and strength of 3D discrete fractures have a decisive effect on the rock slope stability. How to use the fractures obtained on site to establish a 3D...     

四川省雷电探测网探测效率评估和改进方法研究

文章综述了闪电探测技术和方法的发展状况,介绍了ADTD探测仪的原理和构成,详细分析了四川省雷电探测网的探测效率,并根据雷电探测网的探测效率分析结果,得出四川省雷电探测网的下一步建设方向。     

决策树方法在一次历史异常雷电活动中的预报能力检验

利用ncep1°×1°再分析资料和四川闪电定位仪监测网的监测资料,基于四川雷电潜势预报决策树的三类预报因子,针对2008年9月22～25日四川盆地西北部连续性雷电活动过程,重点分析了连续性雷电活动的环流背景和主要天气影响系统、热力结构特征、动力结构特征,检验了基于决策树方法筛选出的雷电潜势预报因子对连续性雷电活动的预报能力.结果表明：1）“9·23”连续性雷暴天气过程存在对流性雷暴以及副高和地面冷空气共同作用下形成的雷暴时段.雷暴区内始终存在着高能不稳定的热力条件,具有“对流层中低层正涡度、对流层高层负涡度”的典型雷暴动力结构.2）雷电潜势预报决策树的三大类预报因子能较好地预报本次雷电活动.     

Some numerical approaches for landslide river blocking: introduction,simulation, and discussion

Landslides - This paper aims to present several approaches for fluid–solid coupling applied in landslide river blocking simulations based on the Abaqus software. These approaches include the...