上海市南部地区地震危险性分析

本文通过对工作区内地震地质、地球物理场特征研究,确定了场区周围九个潜在震源区,分析计算得出各潜在震源区的地震活动性参数。用概率论的方法,以洪华生等人提出的《断层—破裂模型》计算得到上海市南部地区地震烈度年超越概率以及10、20、50、100、200、300、500年内场区的地震影响烈度超越概率,并对这一地区的地震危险性进行了估计。     

新的金矿物—珲春矿（Au2Pb）

珲春矿产于吉林东部珲春河第四系冲积砂金矿中,矿物粒度十分细小,常与自然金或阿纽依矿(AuPb_2)呈文象交生。在光学显微镜下新鲜面为灰白色,金属光泽,氧化后颜色变暗。等轴晶系,Fd3m空间群,显微硬度128～149kg/mm~2。化学成分:Au 63.38％～66.26％,Pb 31.60％～24.64％,Ag 1.76％～2.96％。矿物化学式为Au_2Pb。     

横向受荷桩的最轻重量设计

尝试建立变截面桩的挠曲线微分方程，继而提出了变截面优化桩的概念，并给出了端承桩的一种优化算法。还以圆截面大孔径挖孔灌注桩为例，在桩顶受竖向荷载、水平横向力及弯矩作用时，进行了最轻重量设计。通过计算表明，使用变截面优化桩可使桩的体积减少３０％以上。     

APDC-MIBK萃取石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量钯

近年来金矿源岩研究引起国内外地质学家的极大关注。贵金属元素把具有双重特性,在超镁铁质岩浆结晶过程中性状与金相近,表现出强烈亲硫的特点,新鲜的没有发生过任何金流失的岩石,二者比值近似为一常数。把在成岩乃至于变质作用过程中呈惰性,保持其原始含量不变而又与金性状完全不同,这种双重性特征有可能借助于常数K=Au(原)/Pd(原),推算出没有发生过任何金流失时的岩石原始金含量(王建安,1986)。即通过样品中把的分析值求得原始金含量,借此对金矿源岩进行研究与判定。     

中国黄土10Be研究进展

８０年代中期，中国和瑞士科技工作者开始联合进行黄土＾１０Ｂｅ研究。建立了黄土＾１０ＢｅＡＭＳ测量的理想流程，发现了＾１０Ｂｅ在黄土地层良好保存性等重要地球化学行为特征，确认了黄土＾１０Ｂｅ研究具有重要意义。对洛川黄土部面０．４－１３８ｍ段６００多个样品进行了＾１０Ｂｅ测定，建立了２．５Ｍａ以来大陆堆积物同位素记录曲线。     

围岩参数Monte－Carlo有限元反分析

提出了应用隧道施工监测的随机值，采用蒙特一卡罗（Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ）有限元随机反分析以反推地层参数和初始地应力分布的方法。反推参数不仅给出其均值，还给出参数的方差及分布类型，为地下结构稳定性和可靠性分析提供必要数据。为检验所提的反分析方法对工程的实用性，文中给出了一个实例。     

Geology and Genesis of the Mafic—Ultramafic Complexes in the Huangshan—Jingerquan（HJ） Belt,East Xinjiang

More than twenty mafic-ultramafic complexes, which host several mediumor large-sized Cu−Ni deposits, occur along the Huangshan-Jingerquan (HJ) belt in East Xinjiang. Rock types in these complexes are predominated by peridotite, pyroxene peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, gabbronorite, orthopyroxene gabbro, troctolite, gabbro and diorite. The ultramafic rocks are relatively Fe-enriched and are characterized by an assemblage of olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+hornblende±plagioclase without obvious metamorphic textures. Chemically, these complexes are relatively Fe-enriched and show a tholeiitic trend of evolution. The complexes in this belt are intruded under the extensional environment in a Mid-Carboniferous back-arc basin. They can be considered as a new type of mafic-ultramafic complexes in orogenic belts, as designated by the name of the East-Xinjiang-type complexes. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

The use of geochemical indicator elements in the exploration for hot water sources within geothermal fields

Soils, rocks, altered rocks, hot and cold waters, and hot spring precipitates were sampled within and on the outskirts of geothermal fields in China. The contents of thirty trace elements in soils and rocks show that Hg, As, Sb, Bi, Li, Rb, Cs, Au, Ag, B, W, Sn, Pb, Zn, Mn, Ni and Co can serve as direct and indirect indicators for geothermal field exploration. Large amounts of data indicate that Hg, As and Sb are the best indicators of hot water sources. Altered rocks contain higher Hg, As, Sb, Bi and Be than unaltered rocks. Based on their abundances in hot waters, it is suggested that the following elements may be used as hydrochemical indicators of high-temperature hot-water geothermal systems: K⁺, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO²⁻₄, HCO⁻₃, F⁻, Cl⁻, SiO₂, HBO₂, CO₂, pH, total dissolved solids and hydrochemical types, as well as Hg, As, Sb, Be, Li, Rb and Cs. Modern precipitates associated with hot springs have high contents of Ba, Be, Fe, Ti, Hg, As, Sb and Bi. Using these geochemical data, the authors have had much success in locating hot water drill sites within geothermal fields. Case histories are described for five geothermal areas.     

The mapping of geochemical provinces in China based on Pb isotopes

The comparison of Pb isotopic compositions for various ores and rocks has revealed that the lateral variation between different terranes is greater than the vertical variation between crust and mantle, which is useful for geochemical mapping. Based on a three dimensional topological diagram of Pb isotopes, six geochemical provinces can be recognized in China, namely southern China, Yangtze, northern China, northern Xinjiang, Jiamusi and Tibet. The application of Pb isotopes to regional mapping provides important background data for geochemical prospecting as it establishes the tectonic boundaries of terrenes and identifies the source regions of mineralization, magmatism and sedimentation. It also provides information on the origin of pollution and cultural relics.     

A loess-paleosol dating method

Based on the non-diachronic nature of loess- paleosol sequences, a paleosol dating method is suggested. Based on this method, the extant drainage system of the Yellow River was found to be 1.67-1.45 Ma old. During its existence, six fluvial terraces and two alluvial plains were formed. In the deposits of this time interval, studied in 400 sections, 33 cycles were identified in the sequence built of aquatic sediments and paleosol. Correlation of loess, paleosol, and aquatic sediment sequences of China and other regions points to a 0.4 Ma periodicity in the hydrologic regime and in the denudational processes. This periodicity might be related to global climatic changes due to changes of orbital parameters of the Earth.