基于LAIC电场渗透和SAMI2模拟的地震-电离层扰动现象研究

地震会造成电离层电子密度扰动。 基于三维电场渗透模型和SAMI2模型, 模拟地震发生前产生的异常电场对电离层电子密度的影响。 模拟结果表明, 地震前形成的附加电流会引起电离层产生异常电场, 且异常电场值与地震震级和地震发生时间有着明显的相关。 同时异常电场会使电子产生E×B漂移, 造成电子密度扰动。 随着时间的推移, 电子密度扰动逐渐减小且扰动区域会向着靠近磁赤道方向或远离磁赤道方向漂移。     

川滇地区壳幔地震各向异性研究进展

根据川滇地区已有的地震各向异性研究结果,利用体波、面波资料的结果,分析川滇地区不同构造尺度、不同深度的地震各向异性特征。对比不同方法研究川滇地区介质各向异性的特点,探讨了该地区的介质连续性及壳幔耦合状态。分析认为,地壳上地幔各向异性的差异表明,川滇地区具有复杂的地壳及上地幔形变机制。因此,对于川滇地区壳幔地震各向异性的深入理解,需在理论上和高密度数据资料基础上加强量化分析和综合研究。     

地闪对崇明地震台地球物理观测的干扰

通过对比崇明地区地闪及崇明地震台地球物理观测资料,发现受地闪引起的电磁场变化的直接作用或对仪器元件的间接作用,地磁、地电、电磁扰动和水位观测干扰比例较高,干扰幅度与地闪距离及形成的电流强度有关。具体干扰形态如下：①对电磁扰动干扰表现为单向突跳和测值的整体抬升;②对地磁测项干扰表现为正负方向的单点突跳;③对大地电场干扰表现为大幅震荡;④对水位观测干扰表现为大幅突跳。     

SHRIMP U–Pb ages of detrital zircons from the Early Cretaceous Nakdong Formation,South East Korea: Timing of initiation of the Gyeongsang Basin and its provenance

To constrain the depositional age of the lowermost Nakdong Formation in the Early Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin, SHRIMP U–Pb age determination was carried out on zircon separates. The U–Pb compositions of detrital zircons from the Nakdong Formation yield a wide range of ages from the Archean to the Cretaceous but show a marked contrast in age distribution according to the geographical locations within the basin. The provenance of the southern Nakdong Formation is dominantly the surrounding Yeongnam Massif, which is composed of Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks and Triassic to Jurassic plutonic rocks, whereas the central to northern Nakdong Formation records significant sediment derivation from the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt, which is distributed to the northwest, in addition to the contribution from the Yeongnam Massif. It is suggested that the maximum depositional age of the Nakdong Formation is ca 127 Ma, based on its youngest detrital zircon age population. The onset of its deposition at 127 Ma coincided with the tectonic inversion in East Asia from a compressional to an extensional geodynamic setting, probably due to the contemporaneous change in the drift direction of the Izanagi Plate and its subsequent oblique subduction.     

Incorporating probabilistic approach into local multi-criteria decision analysis for flood susceptibility assessment

Flood risk management can be enhanced by integrating geographic information system (GIS) with multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). However, the conventional, deterministic MCDA methods ignore uncertainty in the decision-making process and fail to account for local variability in criteria values and preferences. Therefore, a spatially explicit MCDA model which effectively incorporates spatial heterogeneity is required. In this paper, a probabilistic or stochastic MCDA method which incorporates the uncertainty into a local weighted linear combination (WLC) was utilized to evaluate flood susceptibility; and an application case in Gucheng County, Central China, was developed. A GIS database of geomorphological and hydro-meteorological criteria contributing to flood susceptibility analysis was constructed using six conditioning factors: digital elevation model (DEM), slope (SL), maximum three-day precipitation (M3DP), topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from the river (DR), and Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN). The results of local WLC were compared with those of the global WLC. It shows that the local WLC model can provide much more valuable information about the spatial patterns of criterion values, ranges, weights, trade-offs and overall scores, whereas the global WLC can only depict the spatial distribution of criterion values and overall scores. The local WLC can also help to prioritize the most susceptible locations within a neighborhood when navigating the disaster assistance process. Moreover, the uncertainty analysis of criteria weights increases the degree of confidence in the model output. It is concluded that the presented approach can provide more insights and understanding of the nature of the flood susceptibility than global WLC.     

云平台下地震监测台网软件系统的应用方案研究

针对数字化地震台网JOPENS软件系统的技术特点及功能需求,在对当前各种主流云计算平台进行比较的基础上,基于较为合适的阿里云计算平台,提出了在云环境下部署JOPENS系统的应用方案。测试结果表明JOPENS系统部署在云环境下能够提升测震台网中心运行的稳定性及可扩展性,并节约运行维护成本。该研究对于当前三网融合新形势下云南省地震台网的建设及运行工作具有借鉴意义。     

北京平原地区VS30估算模型适用性研究

本文使用基于钻孔测井数据的3类模型,即常速度外推模型、速度梯度模型、双深度参数外推模型,通过对北京地区460个深度超过30m的钻孔剪切波速资料进行分析,详细探究了V_S30估算模型在本研究区的适用性。研究结果表明双深度参数外推模型在估算V_S30上准确度很高,其不需要大量的数据进行回归分析,且不具有区域独立性,可以为全球包括北京地区场地类别划分提供依据,进而在震害快速评估中用于确定场地影响,是一种值得推广的估算模型。     

Elastic one-return boundary element method and hybrid elastic thin-slab propagator for strong-contrast media with sharp boundaries

In this paper, we developed the theory and algorithm of an elastic one-way boundary element method(BEM) and a corresponding hybrid elastic thin-slab propagator for earth media with sharp boundaries between strong contrast media. This approach can takes the advantage of accurate boundary condition of BEM and completely overcomes the weak contrast limitation of the perturbationtheory based one-way operator approach. The one-way BEM is a smooth boundary approximation, which avoids huge matrix operations in exact full BEM. In addition, the one-way BEM can model the primary-only transmitted and reflected waves and therefore is a valuable tool in elastic imaging and inversion. Through numerical tests for some simple models,we proved the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Fault geometrical model of Dujiangyan section in Longmenshan fault zone

The focal mechanism solution on the seismic fault plane can reflect the geometric and kinematic characteristics of faults, and it is an important way to further study the fine structure of fault plane. From the focal mechanism solution of the earthquakes around the Dujiangyan fault in Longmenshan fault zone, we derived the average dip angle of Dujiangyan fault is 45.1° based on the seismic moment tensor theory. In order to refine the fault geometry structure, this paper decomposed it into multiple sub-fault planes along the length and width of the fault plane and forms a number of models A13, B13, A23 a, A23 b, A23 c, B23 a,B23 b and B23 c, then calculated the sub-fault's dip of each model. In order to clarify exactly which one of the fault models is closest to the real fault model, the fault slip was carried out for each model in turn, then compared the surface displacement of each model with GPS observations. The results show that B23 c model with high dip in shallow and small dip in deep is the best model, the lengths of each subfault of Dujiangyan fault from south to north are 33 km, 21 km and 46 km, respectively. When the depth of the fault bottom is about 11 km, the dip angles are 70.56°, 67.41° and 45.55°.When the depth of the fault bottom is about 30 km, The fault dip angles are 44.55°, 29.18° and 44.25°.     

内蒙古半干旱区沙尘天气特征及其与地表特征的关系

利用2002-2010年朱日和气象站观测资料,结合同期归一化植被指数(NDVI),叶面积指数(LAI),植被净初级生产力(NPP)资料,分析了内蒙古半干旱区朱日和地区2002-2010年的沙尘天气特征。结果表明：朱日和地区临界起沙风速为9.4 m·s-1,2002-2010年沙尘天气频率和大于临界起沙风速频率呈波动变化,沙尘天气频率和大于临界起沙风速频率有很好相关性,超过18 m·s-1的强风极易导致沙尘天气的发生;定义标准化的沙尘天气频率（NfDO）为沙尘天气频率与大于临界起沙风速频率之比,当夏季降水量大于100 mm,夏季最大NDVI、最大LAI和最大NPP分别大于0.24、0.3 g·m-2·d-1和0.6 g·m-2·d-1（以碳计算）时,次年春季NfDO较低,沙尘天气不易发生;反之沙尘天气较易发生。对沙尘天气发生机制的分析发现,夏季有效的降水促进了植物生长,夏季降水量、最大NDVI、最大LAI和最大NPP增大,来年春天土壤不容易侵蚀,沙尘天气不易发生。