盐酸普鲁卡因诱导下海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii次级代谢化学成分

【目的】通过化学诱导方法从一株海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii中获得多样化的活性小分子化合物。【方法】对菌株在盐酸普鲁卡因的化学诱导作用下进行固体发酵,代谢产物采用硅胶减压柱层析、Sephadex LH-20以及pHPLC等手段分离纯化,对化合物运用NMR、MS等波谱学技术并比对文献进行结构鉴定,采用Ellman比色法及DPPH自由基清除法对化合物进行初步抗乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和抗氧化活性测试。【结果】从海洋真菌Hypocrea lixii在盐酸普鲁卡因诱导下的发酵提取物中分离得到4个异黄酮类化合物,包括6'-O-crotonylgenistin(1)、Genistein(2)、Daidzein(3)和Genistin(4),以及对氨基苯甲酸甲酯(5)、对羟基苯丙酸(6)和胞嘧啶(7),其中化合物1和6为该种中首次报道,化合物5为生物转化来源首次报道,化合物2~4可能源自培养基。在100μmol/L剂量浓度下,化合物1~4对AChE的抑制以及DPPH自由基的清除活性均较弱,化合物5和6显示了相对强的AChE抑制活性,抑制率分别为40%和38%。【结论】盐酸普鲁卡因对该菌次级代谢产生了显著的影响,为深入研究该菌株化学诱导次级代谢产物提供基础。     

扩展水凝物控制变量的雷达资料同化对台风“天鸽”数值模拟的影响

利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecast)模式及WRFDA(WRF model data assimilation system)系统,针对2017年台风“天鸽”个例通过同化雷达径向速度(Vr)和反射率因子(RF),研究水凝物控制变量的雷达资料同化对台风分析预报的影响。研究表明：雷达径向速度的直接同化有效地改进了模式初始场中台风涡旋区的中小尺度信息,分析场中产生了气旋性的风场增量,对模式背景场中的台风有显著增强作用。通过在传统控制变量中扩展针对水凝物的控制变量可有效地同化雷达反射率因子资料,对初始场的水物质进行调整,并对随后确定性预报的台风路径和强度都有一定的正效果。此外,相比没有水凝物控制变量的雷达同化试验,加入了水凝物控制变量的雷达资料同化试验降水预报效果更好。这为将我国近海的地基多普勒天气雷达用于台风初始化分析和预报提供了一定的技术支撑和保障。     

扰动重力梯度的球冠谐分析建模

从球冠谐理论出发,详细推导了球冠坐标系下扰动重力梯度的无奇异性计算公式。基于Tikhonov正则化方法,利用GOCE卫星实际观测数据解算局部重力场球冠谐模型。数值计算表明,基于扰动重力梯度的球冠谐分析建模方法能够有效地恢复局部重力场中的短波信号,与GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R5模型的差异在±0.3×10~(-5) m/s~2水平。     

Image Pose Estimation Based on Procrustes Theory

This paper has established a high-precision hierarchical estimated pose parameters of image. Firstly, we select corresponding three image points of 3D points which constitute the largest area in image as a base, in order to estimate the depth and translate information; then based on the above method, we obtain the scale parameter of camera exterior information. And finally, the topic is transformed to a problem of estimating rotation relationship by vector, using Procrustes theory to obtain the best estimate of the angle elements of exterior parameters. The method can effectively solve problems which depth and coupling pose parameters cannot deal with. Experimental results show that this method of determining position and orientation parameter estimation model is of briefness, easy convergence and it can also achieve higher parameter estimation accuracy than the direct projection matrix factorization.     

一种基于梯度和与一致性组合策略的无缝纹理映射方法研究

针对三维纹理映射中存在接缝、颜色差异大等问题,采用基于梯度值之和的选片算法,结合一致性检查、全局颜色校正和局部颜色校正等策略,消除影像的模糊、重影与色差,实现无缝纹理映射,同时避免影像失焦和障碍物的影响,试验结果表明,该方法纹理映射效果较好。     

Impacts of the leading modes of tropical Indian Ocean sea surface temperature anomaly on sub-seasonal evolution of the circulation and rainfall over East Asia during boreal spring and summer

The two leading modes of the interannual variability of the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly are the Indian Ocean basin mode (IOBM) and the Indian Ocean dipole mode (IODM) from March to August. In this paper, the relationship between the TIO SST anomaly and the sub-seasonal evolution of the circulation and rainfall over East Asia during boreal spring and summer is investigated by using correlation analysis and composite analysis based on multi-source observation data from 1979 to 2013, together with numerical simulations from an atmospheric general circulation model. The results indicate that the impacts of the IOBM on the circulation and rainfall over East Asia vary remarkably from spring to summer. The anomalous anticyclone over the tropical Northwest Pacific induced by the warm IOBM is closely linked with the Pacific–Japan or East Asia–Pacific teleconnection pattern, which persists from March to August. In the upper troposphere over East Asia, the warm phase of the IOBM generates a significant anticyclonic response from March to May. In June and July, however, the circulation response is characterized by enhanced subtropical westerly flow. A distinct anomalous cyclone is found in August. Overall, the IOBM can exert significant influence on the western North Pacific subtropical high, the South Asian high, and the East Asian jet, which collectively modulate the precipitation anomaly over East Asia. In contrast, the effects of the IODM on the climate anomaly over East Asia are relatively weak in boreal spring and summer. Therefore, studying the impacts of the TIO SST anomaly on the climate anomaly in East Asia should take full account of the different sub-seasonal response during boreal spring and summer.     

Observed trends in various aspects of compound heat waves across China from 1961 to 2015

Based on combined thresholds of daily maximum and minimum temperatures, a compound heat wave is defined, and then changes in multiple aspects of such heat waves in China are estimated between 1961 and 2015. Our results intriguingly indicate that severe compound heat waves in northern China are characterized by excessively high intensity within short duration, while long duration determines great disaster-causing potential of severe events in the south. In the past few decades, large areas of China have experienced longer, stronger, and more frequent compound heat waves. Northern China has witnessed dramatic intensity increases, with a maximum amplification over 5°C decade^–1; while remarkable lengthening in duration has been mostly recorded in the south, with a maximum trend over 1 day decade^–1. The spatial extent affected by compound heat waves has significantly expanded since the 1960s, with the largest expanding rate over 6% decade^–1 detected in North China and Northeast China. These systematic assessments serve to deepen our understanding of observed changes in compound heat waves across China, and may further shed some light on future adaptations and mitigations against an increasingly warming climate.     

Denoising effect of multiscale multiway analysis on high-rate GPS observations

GPS Solutions - In general, high-rate GPS data sets are subject to common mode error (CME), multipath error, and high-frequency random noise, which adversely affect the GPS positioning accuracy. In...     

一种融合空间拓扑关系的室内无线定位方法

针对仅利用无线信号源和其发射信号强度定位会丢失待测位置与信号源之间固有空间关系的问题,提出了利用已知位置接收信号源发射的无线信号强度测量未知点的低成本室内定位方法。该方法深入分析了待定位点和无线信号源以及信号覆盖范围之间的空间关系,充分利用RCC-8空间关系模型进行无线定位。实验结果表明,采用这种融合空间拓扑关系的基于无线信号强度的室内定位方案能够优化定位流程,并在测得位置中反映待测点和信号源之间的相对空间关系。     

政府调控对华北平原农户抗旱行为的影响及效应

气候变化背景下干旱等极端天气事件频发给农业生产带来巨大挑战,明确农户是否采取相关应对措施及政府对其采取措施的影响,是进一步完善相关政策和引导农户增强自身响应能力建设的基础和关键。以华北平原为例,基于农户问卷调查数据,运用计量经济学方法,分析气候变化导致干旱频发背景下微观农户的响应行为,评估政府预警和政策支持是否影响农户响应行为以及其他因素如何影响其响应行为。结果表明：① 农户响应干旱态度积极,随干旱程度加深,农户选择采取响应措施的可能性增大。② 政府调控影响农户响应行为,但仅部分调控手段效果显著。政府提供预警信息能增加农户采取响应措施的可能性,然而只有当灾前及灾中、灾后同时预警时效果才显著;电视是目前最主要的预警媒介,但其并不显著改变农户响应行为,通过两种及以上形式的媒介传播预警信息效果最显著。此外,政府（尤其是乡镇及村级机构）的政策支持对农户旱灾响应行为有一定影响,但其效果在灾害年不如正常年明显;资金补贴的调控手段能明显促进农户采取响应措施的积极性,但绝大多数农户未获得任何机构支持。政府调控的结构及力度均有待提升及完善。③ 不同特质农户的响应行为不同。灌区内的农户,家庭耕地细碎度越小的农户,家庭农业成员越多的农户,更倾向于采取响应措施。本研究可为干旱化背景下制定相关调控政策提供科学参考。