载人潜水器运行管理考核评价体系构建研究

为对载人潜水器运行管理工作进行科学考核评价,保障重大深海装备安全高效运行,文章以“蛟龙”号载人潜水器为例,分析研究了“蛟龙”号载人潜水器的运行管理特点,针对我国科技管理体制和“蛟龙”号载人潜水器的管理技术要求,在结合“蛟龙”号载人潜水器海试与试验性应用实际工作的基础上,建立了科学合理、具备可操作性的考核评价体系。通过在“蛟龙”号载人潜水器运行管理工作中的试应用,充分证明该体系建设方法的有效性,值得在载人无人潜水器等重大装备管理中推广应用。     

日照海岸带沙滩侵蚀现状及沉积物粒度特征分析

通过对日照市海岸带2个重点沙滩的现场调查和沉积物粒度计算,综合分析了沙滩的侵蚀现状和粒度参数特征。海滨国家森林公园沙滩北部和南部处于侵蚀状态,中部为缓慢淤积状态;万平口海水浴场沙滩北部、中部总体呈侵蚀趋势,南部为淤积状态。海滨国家森林公园沙滩的平均粒径总体要小于万平口海水浴场沙滩,这与两沙滩的坡度不同有关,平均粒径从滩肩到低潮线逐渐变小。海滨国家森林公园沙滩的分选性要好于万平口海水浴场沙滩,分选系数具有由陆向海、由北向南逐渐变小的趋势。沙滩的滩肩和滩面处频率曲线主要为双峰,峰态平坦,物质来源复杂,低潮线处频率曲线主要为单峰,峰态尖锐,物质来源单一。     

北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性分析

为研究北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性,采用高级动态三轴测试系统开展循环荷载下的动三轴试验,研究不同围压及不同动应力幅值对海砂动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明：轴向累计应变随围压增加而减小,围压150 kPa时振次10 000后应变仅为3%;随着动应力幅值的增大轴向累积应变随之增大,且达到破坏标准的时间越短。动弹性模量随着动应力幅值和围压的增加而增大,不同围压下动弹性模量随动应变的增加出现先骤减再略减后稳定的发展趋势,ε_d>0.3%后开始趋于稳定;不同动应力幅值下动弹性模量出现先增后减直至稳定的趋势,其中动应力幅值对动弹性模量有明显的影响,围压影响相对较小。孔压比随动应力幅值增加而减小,随围压增加而增加。     

联合升降轨Sentinel-1A的地表形变监测技术研究

河谷型、海岸带、海岛礁以及滩涂等区域地表形变信息的准确获取,迫切且关键。利用25景升轨和28景降轨Sentinel-1A数据,基于SBAS-InSAR技术,获取兰州城区2014年10月~2016年9月的地表沉降速率图和沿视线方向(line-of-sight,LOS)的时相位移量,探讨升降轨数据在河谷型城市地表形变监测中的适用性。结果表明:升降轨Sentinel-1A数据之间的时相位移量具有高度关联性,其中升轨数据在地形起伏较大区体现出良好的干涉性,而降轨数据在平坦区表现出较好的监测能力。兰州城区大部分区域处于稳定状态,但沙井驿、九州、小达坪、东岗、伏龙坪、西客站以及周边区域地表存在沉降趋势,最大沉降速率可达30 mm/年。联合升降轨Sentinel-1A数据监测河谷型、海岸带、海岛礁以及滩涂等区域地面沉降具有可行性和可靠性。     

陆源碎屑岩中的古土壤在地层分析中的应用

对各种古土壤的分类标准进行比较之后,重点介绍了Mack的古土壤分类及其土壤的演变序列。Mack的古土壤分类主要依据稳定矿物和保存在土壤中的古地貌属性,将古土壤划分为9种。在地层序列中古土壤的识别标志主要包括颜色、粒度、生物成因构造（植物生长痕迹）、原生沉积构造退化特征、层次化和边界特征、宏观结构特征、矿物及地球化学特征等。可以通过野外观察、室内显微镜观察、实验室化验及地震、测井资料来进行鉴别。陆相盆地具有很强的分隔性,盆地相变又非常复杂,寻找区域性较稳定的层序界面比较困难。越来越多的研究证实用古土壤划分陆相成因地层层序、解决地区及全球对比具有重要的实用价值。     

贵州罗甸纳饶剖面石炭系维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶界线附近的有孔虫

贵州罗甸纳庆剖面是竞争谢尔普霍夫阶底界全球界线层型剖面和点位的最有力候选剖面之一.纳饶剖面紧邻纳庆剖面,是其辅助剖面.纳饶剖面维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶(Viséan-Serpukhovian)界线层段的牙形刺生物地层已经初步建立,可与纳庆剖面直接对比.纳饶剖面V/S界线位于41.8 m处,是以牙形刺演化谱系L.nodosa...     

Assessing Cryptic Invasion State: Fine-Scale Genetic Analysis of Ciona savignyi Population in Putative Native Habitat of the Korean Coast

The solitary ascidian, Ciona savignyi (Ascidiacea, Enterogona) is a notorious marine invader still expanding its habitat range worldwide. This species is considered native to the North West Pacific, but its indigeneity in Korean coastal waters has been questioned because of outdated taxonomic records and its inhabitation of oceanographically marginal areas. To clarify their cryptic invasion state, 247 individual C. savignyi samples were collected from 12 harbors and marinas on the Korean coast, and a 744 bp region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was sequenced and analyzed. Our analyses of population genetic structure and demographic history provided considerable pieces of evidence supporting their long-term establishment on the Korean coasts: differentiated population genetic structure, sequentially arrayed star-shape haplotype network, neutrality test results of past population expansions, and post-glacial colonization pattern of demography. Consequently, we concluded that C. savignyi populations on the Korean Coast are indigenous rather than exotic. These results could be used as reference data for further phylogeo graphic and demographic studies of problematic Ciona species, and to clarify and resolve similar cryptic invasion states of the other Korean coastal marine organisms. This study is the first to resolve the cryptic in vasion state of Korean marine organisms using genetic analysis.

     

Tectonostratigraphic framework and depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin,East Sea/Sea of Japan

The Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Japan Sea, is a Neogene back-arc basin and occupies a tectonically crucial zone under the influence of relative motions between Eurasian, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates. However, the link between tectonics and sedimentation remains poorly understood in the back-arc Ulleung Basin, as it does in many other back-arc basins as well, because of a paucity of seismic data and controversy over the tectonic history of the basin. This paper presents an integrated tectonostratigraphic and sedimentary evolution in the deepwater Ulleung Basin using 2D multichannel seismic reflection data. The sedimentary succession within the deepwater Ulleung Basin is divided into four second-order seismic megasequences (MS1 to MS4). Detailed seismic stratigraphy interpretation of the four megasequences suggests the depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin occurred in four stages, controlled by tectonic movement, volcanism, and sea-level fluctuations. In Stage 1 (late Oligocene through early Miocene), syn-rift sediment supplied to the basin was restricted to the southern base-of-slope, whereas the northern distal part of the basin was dominated by volcanic sills and lava flows derived from initial rifting-related volcanism. In Stage 2 (late early Miocene through middle Miocene), volcanic extrusion occurred through post-rift, chain volcanism in the earliest time, followed by hemipelagic and turbidite sedimentation in a quiescent open marine setting. In Stage 3 (late middle Miocene through late Miocene), compressional activity was predominant throughout the Ulleung Basin, resulting in regional uplift and sub-aerial erosion/denudation of the southern shelf of the basin, which provided enormous volumes of sediment into the basin through mass transport processes. In Stage 4 (early Pliocene through present), although the degree of tectonic stress decreased significantly, mass movement was still generated by sea-level fluctuations as well as compressional tectonic movement, resulting in stacked mass transport deposits along the southern basin margin. We propose a new depositional history model for the deepwater Ulleung Basin and provide a window into understanding how tectonic, volcanic and eustatic interactions control sedimentation in back-arc basins.     

路网约束条件下热力规则设计与试验

热力图是一种能直观准确展示空间观测值的有效工具,在多个领域具有广泛应用。本文在分析设定不同道路层权重、道路技术等级分类的基础上,以反距离权重、直方图均衡化、密度补偿、参数多次迭代等方法,研究构建了以热力方式展示道路网分布及发达程度的相关规则体系。热力规则通过道路赋权、路线曲面化、密度协调、图面综合等多套规则的有机结合,实现了道路网总体发达水平信息的提取与展示,并以全球地理信息资源建设项目路网成果中的亚洲和非洲部分国家数据为例,进行了信息提取与热力分布试验。     

移动GIS在传染病防控方面的应用——以COVID-19为例

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情的出现和暴发流行,给社会、经济及人群健康提出巨大的挑战,已经成为重大公共卫生事件和社会问题。作为一种新发传染病,提早发现、迅速采用有效应对举措,是防止病毒蔓延扩散的重要环节。地理信息系统（GIS）在传染病的控制、预防、预警中有举足轻重的地位,移动GIS（Mobile GIS）作为GIS技术的发展,进一步提高了我国卫生部门应对突发传染病的能力。本文以COVID-19防控为例,重点介绍了移动GIS技术在传染病防控中的应用。