南岭与中生代花岗岩类有关的成矿作用及其大地构造背景

由于受到来自印支半岛的挤压,在华南内部发生了以碰撞-挤压-推覆-隆升为主的印支造山运动。南岭地区印支期花岗岩（240～205Ma）主要形成于碰撞及“后碰撞”（post-collision）的动力学环境,但没有造成大规模的金属成矿作用。南岭地区从燕山期进入后造山（post-orogeny）地球动力学环境。从花岗岩类的成矿学特征及其大陆动力学背景出发,尝试把燕山期划分为早、中,晚三期。南岭地区燕山早期（185～170Ma）出现了玄武质岩浆活动、双峰式岩浆活动、A型花岗岩及板内高钾钙碱性岩浆活动,反映了岩石圈的局部“伸展一裂解”和地幔物质的上涌,伴随Pb,Zn,Cu,Au成矿作用。燕山中期南岭地区岩石圈全面拉张一减薄,地幔上涌一玄武质岩浆底侵引发大规模的地壳熔融,导致大范围陆壳重熔型花岗岩的生成。该期的第一阶段（170～150Ma）以大规模花岗岩类侵位为主,第二阶段（150～140Ma）花岗岩类活动很少,却发生了W,Sn及其他稀有金属的大规模成矿作用。燕山晚期虽然是华南地区岩石圈全面发生裂解的时期,但由于受太平洋构造体系的影响,在南岭东端至东南沿海广大地区,燕山晚期（140～65Ma）出现了先挤压、后拉张的动力学背景,在100Ma前形成的钙碱性和橄榄安粗两个系列的岩浆活动,伴随Au,Ag,Pb—Zn,Cu,（Mo,Sn）等成矿作用。而在南岭地区,该时期花岗质火山-侵入杂岩及基性岩脉等广泛发育,有关的成矿作用以火山岩型U矿、斑岩型Sn矿,以及印支期花岗岩中的铀活化成矿作用为特征。     

“五维协同”下的测绘地理信息成果质量检查软件体系初探

质量检查软件是质量检查的重要手段,是影响质量检查工作的重要因素。本文在分析测绘地理信息成果质量检查软件的现状和存在问题的基础上,结合现有的手段和新的技术,提出了由成果维、项目维、大数据维、智能维、历史维组成的“五维协同”下的测绘地理信息成果质量检查软件体系,分别阐述了测绘地理信息成果质量检查在各个维度下的工作内容,介绍了5个维度在业务流程和数据流动之间的关系,为测绘地理信息成果质量检查软件之后的研究内容、发展方向提供了思路。     

牙轮钻头振动规律分析

通过大量的实验数据，对三牙轮钻头在井底振动时干扰力的幅值和频率进行了全面而细致的分析，摸索出了其在井底的振动规律，提高了井下钻具动力学分析的准确度，可在一定程度上减少钻具失效、节约钻井成本。     

A virtual globe-based integration and visualization framework for aboveground and underground 3D spatial objects

The construction of a large-scale integrated information system has been a hot issue in the field of geoinformatics. It aims to integrate aboveground and underground spatial information and objects in a unified visual environment. Virtual globe, as the most commonly used technology in the construction of Digital Earth, can provide a platform and framework for the integration and visualization of worldwide spatial objects and models. However, the existing works mainly focused on terrains and aboveground spatial entities, and there is still little research on the integration and visualization of large-scale underground geological models and entities in a virtual globe. In this work, the data organizations of aboveground and underground 3D spatial objects were analyzed in detail according to the technical characteristics of the virtual globe. Improved strategies were proposed to achieve the integrated visualization of aboveground and underground 3D spatial objects in a virtual globe-based spherical coordinate. In this process, the terrain surface based on Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) was used as an intermediate layer to unify the spatial coordinate system. An improved scene cutting approach was used to overcome the challenge that underground geological structures cannot be integrated and visualized with aboveground spatial entities, terrains and landforms. Finally, we developed a virtual globe-based prototype system using OpenSceneGraph (OSG) and osgEarth as the 3D visualization engine. The aboveground and underground spatial models of Fuzhou, a coastal city of eastern China, were applied in this system to verify the validity of the strategies proposed in this paper. In addition, the efficiency of this system in terms of scheduling and visualizing was tested by using the massive models of Fuzhou.     

岩石流变力学的研究现状及其发展方向

从岩石单轴压缩流变试验、多轴压缩流变试验、拉伸断裂流变试验、岩体及结构面的剪切流变试验、以及流变试验中的各种影响因素等来评述岩石流变试验的研究进展。同时从经验模型、元件模型、损伤断裂模型、基于内时理论的流变模型以及弹粘塑性模型等来对岩石流变本构模型的发展进行了回顾。最后, 指出复杂应力路径下岩石的非线性流变、水力-应力耦合情况下的岩石流变、考虑各向异性的岩石流变等方面是今后需要进一步深入研究的问题。     

巴布亚新几内亚陆缘火山岛弧成矿带铜金成矿规律

巴布亚新几内亚陆缘火山岛弧成矿带形成于印澳板块与太平洋板块的边界带,其演化涉及俯冲与火山岛弧（岩浆弧）的形成、弧陆碰撞与造山、俯冲陆壳折返、岩浆侵入、成矿作用等多种地质作用。该成矿带的铜金成矿时代比较年轻,成矿集中于23～12（Ma）、7～1（Ma）及0.5～0（Ma）三个成矿高潮期。空间上可以分为6个成矿亚带,分别为奥克泰迪-波尔盖拉成矿亚带、弗里达河-拉穆成矿亚带、海登山谷-凯利门戈成矿亚带、托鲁库玛-比尼山成矿亚带、瓦普鲁-伍德拉克成矿亚带、利希尔-潘古纳成矿亚带。成矿带主要铜金矿床类型为斑岩型、浅成低温热液型和矽卡岩-斑岩型。成矿受控于俯冲作用、弧陆碰撞造山作用、侵入杂岩体、褶皱和断裂、破火山口等因素。     

基于关系数据库的CA模型扩展和时空模拟实验研究

具备时空计算特征的元胞自动机 (CA)模型与地理信息系统 (GIS)集成在地理过程模拟方面具有很大的优势 ,但标准CA在邻居规则等方面的严格定义制约了CA对真实世界的模拟能力。在分析了元胞空间关系和元胞邻居描述的基础上 ,该文提出元胞邻居不仅存在几何空间上的邻接形式 ,还存在空间上不邻接但属性上相关的邻居形式。传统思路的模型扩展很难完全解决CA的局限性 ,基于关系数据库来定义和选择元胞邻居是一种有益的理论尝试。以时空为载体的文化革新扩散系统具有多空间扩散形式和遗传特征 ,相对于标准CA基于关系数据库的CA扩展模型可以更真实地对其进行时空模拟 ,笔者以服装传播为典型案例做实验研究 ,取得了比较满意的实验结果。认为基于关系数据库的CA扩展模型比较适用于具有多空间扩散形式的复杂系统的过程模拟。     

Geochemistry,U–Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotope Studies of the Daheishan Porphyry Mo Deposit in Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit was recently discovered in the northern segment of the Great Xing'an Range, NE China. Three main types of granitoids are identified in this deposit: granodiorite, fine‐grained granite, and porphyritic granite. The orebodies are dominantly hosted within the granodiorite and in the contact zone between the granodiorite and tuff or hornfels, while no mineralization has been found in the fine‐grained granite or the porphyritic granite. We present in situ LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dates for the granodiorite, fine‐grained granite, and porphyritic granite, which yielded 146.9 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ), 146.6 ± 1.7 Ma (2σ), and 149.7 ± 4.2 Ma (2σ), respectively. Their ε_Hf(t) values range from 3.9 to 12.2, associated with young crustal model ages (T_DM2) ranging from 524 Ma to 849 Ma, indicating that their parental magmas may have been generated by partial melting of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian crustal components. The formation of the Daheishan deposit was genetically related to the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate.     

Temperature lapse rate in complex mountain terrain on the southern slope of the central Himalayas

This study presents the first results of monthly, seasonal and annual characteristics of temperature lapse rate on the southern slope of the central Himalayas, based on 20 years record of surface air temperature at 56 stations in Nepal. These stations are located at a range of elevations between 72 and 3,920 m above sea level. It is proven that the lapse rate can be calculated with a linear regression model. The annual cycle of temperature lapse rate exhibits a bi-modal pattern: two maxima in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons respectively separated by two minima in winter and summer, respectively. This pattern is different from the findings from the other mountain regions and suggests different controlling factors in the individual seasons. The highest temperature lapse rate occurs in the pre-monsoon and is associated with strong dry convection (i.e., corresponding to the clear weather season and considerable sensible heat flux). The post-monsoon has the second highest lapse rate, and its cause is similar to the pre-monsoon season but with a relatively small thermal forcing effect after the rainy summer. The lowest lapse rate occurs in winter and is associated with strong radiative cooling and cold air flows over low-elevation areas. The summer lapse rate minimum is due to latent heating over the higher elevations and reduced solar heating over the lower elevations.     

大肠杆菌O157:H7的活的非可培养状态

将大肠杆菌 O157:H7培养于低温贫养条件下 ,以涂布平板法 (PC)和最大近似值法(MPN)检测可培养细菌数 ,95～ 115d后表明可培养菌数下降为零。吖啶橙荧光显微镜直接计数法(AODC)检测细菌总数 ,表明细菌总数始终变化不大 ,而活菌直接镜检计数 (DVC)检测到的活菌数保持在 10 6个 / m L。实验证明了大肠杆菌 O157:H7在一定的条件下可进入活的非可培养状态(VBNC)。