塔里木河下游植被生态需水量(英文)

We have appraised the relationships between soil moisture,groundwater depth, and plant species diversity in the lower reaches of the Tarim River in western China,by analyzing field data from 25 monitoring wells across eight study sites and 25 permanent vegetation survey plots.It is noted that groundwater depth,soil moisture and plant species diversity are closely related.It has been proven that the critical phreatic water depth is five meters in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.We acquired the mean phreatic evaporation of different groundwater levels every month by averaging the two results of phreatic evaporation using the Qunk and Averyanov formulas.Based on different vegetation types and acreage with different groundwater depth,the total ecological water demand(EWD)of natural vegetation in 2005 was 2.4×108m 3in the lower reaches of the Tarim River.Analyzing the monthly EWD,we found that the EWD in the growth season(from April to September)is 81%of the year's total EWD.The EWD in May,June and July was 47%of the year's total EWD,which indicates the best time for dispensing artificial water.This research aims at realizing the sustainable development of water resources and provides a scientific basis for water resource management and sound collocation of the Tarim River Basin.     

郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动性研究

从前人地表地质、地球化学探测与构造年代学,形变资料等方面入手,结合遥感影像信息,对郯庐断裂带江苏段第四纪活动性进行了系统分析;在总结前人研究成果基础上,对其活动性差异的成因进行了探讨。结果表明:郯庐断裂带江苏段在第四纪新构造运动时期总体活动性不强,表现为右旋走滑性质。断裂以宿迁为界具有明显的分段活动差异性——北段较强,南段较弱;在北华北块体内部,郯庐断裂带通过其活动性的分段差异调节次一级块体的不同方向位移;枣庄—宿迁断裂对郯庐断裂带的切割及其左旋走滑调节作用是郯庐断裂带江苏段活动差异性的主要成因。     

深井宽频带地震计的研制

深井地震观测可以排除地面噪声干扰的影响,提高观测的信噪比,应用前景广泛。文中介绍基于DSP的深井宽频带地震计,总体介绍其特点、组成、原理,并对某些关键问题进行阐述,说明各部分的具体实现方案,并研制初步样机。     

大型数据平台搭建技术在地震行业中的应用与研究

依据地震行业业务系统的数据处理和存储需求,提出了数据模型和数据平台建设思路。结合地震行业网中数据平台的建设,在国家中心、区域中心和台站节点分别采用了相应的数据库平台和数据存储平台技术,设计了各类节点的数据备份策略,实现了满足海量数据流高效运行的大型数据平台。     

LN-3A水位仪记录的高采样率大震水震波特点及仪器改进

分析了海南前兆台网水位仪对苏门答腊M_S 8.7地震和我国四川汶川Ms 8.0地震的高采样率水震波记录情况,从中可较明显地看到地震波引起的井水位详细变化,但也存在水震波的丢头、仪器时间存在误差,第一代仪器水震波相互覆盖等现象,提出了在水位仪中增加在线缓存记录、自动定时校时功能等改进建议。     

四川青川县乔庄镇城区活动断裂探测与评价

青川县乔庄镇主城区坐落于乔庄河Ⅰ级河流阶地面上,平武-青川断裂分为3支呈隐伏状穿过主城区,地表未见明显的断裂新活动形迹。2008年5月12日发生的汶川MS8.0级地震,对青川县乔庄镇造成了比较严重的破坏,出现了沿平武-青川主干断裂通过位置震害显著加重的条带状异常现象,但未见明显的地表破裂。本文在地面地质调查、浅层地球物理勘探和探槽开挖验证结果的基础上,对平武-青川断裂在乔庄镇主城区的通过位置进行了重新定位,定位结果与前人研究结果存在一定的差异。结合地表调查发现的零星地表破裂和探槽下部砂砾石层出现的小尺度变形及位错现象分析,乔庄镇条带状震害加重异常现象应是平武-青川断裂在汶川地震时发生的近地表错动所致。由此联系到汶川地震的余震条带与平武-青川断裂乔庄以东段基本重合的事实,平武-青川断裂的活动性应是下一步研究工作的方向。     

Accuracy assessment of global historical cropland datasets based on regional reconstructed historical data—A case study in Northeast China

Historical cropland datasets are fundamental for quantifying the effects of human land use activities on climatic change and the carbon cycle. Two representative global land-use datasets, the Global Land Use Database (termed SAGE dataset) and the Historical Database of the Global Environment (termed HYDE dataset) have been established and used widely. Despite improvement of data quality and methodologies for extracting historical land use information, certain dataset limitations exist that need to be quantified and communicated to users so that they can make informed decisions on whether and how these land-use products should be used. The Cropland data of Northeast China (CNEC) is based on calibrated historical data and a multi-sourced data conversion model, and reconstructs cropland cover change in Northeast China over the last 300 years. Using the CNEC as a reference, we evaluated the accuracy of cropland cover for SAGE and HYDE in Northeast China at spatial scales ranging from the entire Northeast China to provinces and even individual raster grid cells. Neither SAGE nor HYDE reflects real historical land reclamation. Cropland areas in SAGE are overestimated by 20.98 times in 1700 to 1.6 times in 1990. Although HYDE is better, there are significant disagreements in cropland area and distribution between HYDE and CNEC, especially in the 18th and 19th centuries. The proportion of total grid cells whose relative error was greater than 100% was 63.55% in 1700 and 53.27% in 1780. Global cropland dataset errors over Northeast China originate mainly from both the reverse calculation method for historical cropland data based on modern spatial patterns, and modern land-use outputs from satellite data.     

Identification and characterization of the Vibrio anguillarum prtV gene encoding a new metalloprotease

We cloned and sequenced a prtV-like gene from Vibrio anguillarum M3 strain. This prtV gene encodes a putative protein of 918 amino acids, and is highly homologous to the V. cholerae prtV gene. We found that a prtV insertion mutant strain displayed lower gelatinase activity on gelatin agar, lower protease activity against azocasein, and lower activity for four glycosidases. This prtV mutant strain also had increased activity for two esterases in its extracellular products, as analyzed by the API ZYM system. In addition, the prtV mutant strain exhibited decreased growth in turbot intestinal mucus and reduced hemolytic activity on turbot erythrocytes. Infection experiments showed that the LD₅₀ of the prtV mutant strain increased by at least 1 log compared to the wild-type in turbot fish. We propose that prtV plays an important role in the pathogenesis of V. anguillarum.     

Impacts of internal waves on chlorophyll a distribution in the northern portion of the South China Sea

Internal waves can bring nutrients to the upper level of water bodies and facilitate phytoplankton photosynthesis. Internal waves occur frequently in the northern portion of the South China Sea and inflict an important effect on chlorophyll a distribution. In this study, in-situ observation and satellite remote sensing data were used to study the effects of internal waves on chlorophyll a distribution. Based on the in-situ observations, lower chlorophyll a concentrations were present in the middle and bottom level in areas in which internal waves occur frequently, while the surface chlorophyll a distribution increased irregularly, and a small area with relatively higher chlorophyll a concentrations was observed in the area around the Dongsha Island. Satellite remote sensing showed that the chlorophyll a concentration increased in the area near Dongsha Island, where internal waves frequently occurred. The results of the increased chlorophyll a concentration in the surface water near Dongsha Island in the northern portion of the South China Sea indicated that internal waves could uplift phytoplankton and facilitate phytoplankton growth.     

Gene cloning and prokaryotic expression of recombinant flagellin A from Vibrio parahaemolyticus

The Gram-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common pathogen in humans and marine animals. Bacteria flagellins play an important role during infection and induction of the host immune response. Thus, flagellin proteins are an ideal target for vaccines. We amplified the complete flagellin subunit gene (flaA) from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. We then cloned and expressed the gene into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The gene coded for a protein that was 62.78 kDa. We purified and characterized the protein using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and Anti-His antibody Western blotting, respectively. Our results provide a basis for further studies into the utility of the FlaA protein as a vaccine candidate against infection by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In addition, the purified FlaA protein can be used for further functional and structural studies.