Sequence Stratigraphy of the Jurassic Coal Measures in Northwestern China

The sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic coal measures of northwestern China has been studied based on data from outcrop and borehole sections. Because of the geological background and the diversity of basin types, such as isochronisms of coal seams and recognition of key sequence boundaries, it is rare to summarize and correlate sequence structure and framework. The types and recognition characteristics of the sequence boundaries of the Jurassic coal measures are revealed by comparing climatic characteristics, structural styles and the base level cycle. A total of five third-order sequences and 15 systems tracts have been subdivided and the sequence stratigraphic framework has been reconstructed confirming that the thick coals accumulated in the late stage of transgression system tracts of sequence I (SQ I) and sequence III (SQ III). This idea is of important academic significance for instructing coal resources exploration, and enhancing geological effects of prospecting engineering. It is also of practical significance for guaranteeing construction of the large-scale coal production base in northwestern China, accelerating the westward development of the coal industry stratagem.     

黑龙江七星河含煤盆地古近纪-新近纪沉积相及层序地层特征

黑龙江省东部七星河盆地是一新生代聚煤盆地,其含煤地层为古近系宝泉岭组、新近系富锦组。宝泉岭组由各级砂岩、泥岩、炭质泥岩以及褐煤组成,发育滨浅湖相、深-半深湖相、三角洲平原相,属于湖泊沉积体系、三角洲沉积体系。富锦组主要由泥岩、粉砂岩、中砂岩、含砾粗砂岩及煤层、炭质泥岩、硅藻岩组成,发育滨浅湖相、扇三角洲平原相,分别属于湖泊沉积体系和扇三角洲沉积体系。层序SI相当于宝泉岭组,发育低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域,煤层主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SII相当于富锦组,主要发育湖侵体系域、高位体系域,局部地区发育低位体系域,煤层亦主要发育高位体系域中后期,成煤环境以扇三角洲淤积沼泽和滨浅湖淤积沼泽为主。层序SI、SII的高位体系域中后期,盆地基底沉降速率和物源供给处于相对平衡状态,主要发育了扇三角洲淤积沼泽、滨浅湖和滨浅湖淤积沼泽环境,发育可采煤层。     

地应力测量及其地下工程应用的思考

国内外地应力实测资料证实,地表附近构造应力受多种影响因素的干扰,经常叠加着非构造应力(如地形等引起的应力)。为此,本文讨论了地应力测量及其地下工程应用值得注意的问题。地应力测量前应充分考虑测量孔位的选定和地形地貌、岩性、断裂等的影响;地应力测量后应对测值的各种影响因素和可靠性进行分析、进行岩石力学性质校正和对比分析以及测值的代表性分析等;工程应用应考虑具体工程所处不同构造部位、不同岩性、不同岩体结构、不同深度等局部地应力状态的变化和差异,此外,工程本身不同的设计结构、尺寸等引起的局部地应力状态变化也需予以充分考虑。     

武都汉林沟流域古滑坡年龄的14C厘定

古滑坡一般是指全新世以前地质历史时期发生的滑坡。武都汉林沟流域发育有第四纪晚更新世以来不同时期的滑坡,具有规模大、数量多的特点,为武都白龙江中游滑坡发育历史研究提供了典型实例。通过滑坡体的形貌、结构特征、与其他地层的接触关系分析,确定古滑坡的存在。同时也发现古滑坡曾堵塞汉林沟形成堰塞湖,并压埋了许多古树木,古滑体中残留...     

深圳市东水西调输水隧洞工程地震危险性分析

在前人对深圳地区地震烈度的鉴定和评价基础上,结合地震地质分析和地震危险性超越概率计算,确定深圳市东水西调输水工程以ZD₂与ZD₃之间近EW向一线为界,以北地震基本烈度定为Ⅵ度区,以南属于>Ⅵ度区,核定为Ⅶ度区。      

Impacts of Drought, Flow Regime, and Fishing on the Fish Assemblage in Southern Australia’s Largest Temperate Estuary

We analysed a 25-year time series of fishery catch and effort data, and age/size information for four large-bodied, native fish species to investigate the hypotheses that under conditions of reduced freshwater inflows and high fishing pressure: (1) the structure of fish assemblages in the lower Murray River system have changed, (2) species diversity of fishes has declined and (3) population age structures of large-bodied, late-maturing, native fish (Macquaria ambigua, Argyrosomus japonicus, Rhombosolea tapirina and Acanthopagrus butcheri) have been reduced. Annual catches and effort in the lower Murray River system were stable for 25 years, but proportional contribution to the total catch from each of freshwater, estuarine and adjacent marine habitats, and the species within them varied. Fish assemblages generally differed between subsequent 5-year periods, with the exception of 1989–1993 when floods occurred in 4 out of 5 years, and the following 5-year period (1994–1998). Species richness declined steeply over 25 years in freshwater and estuarine habitat and species diversity (Hill’s H ₂) also declined after 2001 in estuarine habitat. Species with rapid growth and early maturation (opportunistic strategists), increasingly dominated catches, whilst species with slow growth and late maturation (periodic strategists) declined. Truncated population age structures suggested longevity overfishing of three periodic strategist species: golden perch (M. ambigua), black bream (A. butcheri), mulloway (A. japonicus) and a fourth species with an intermediate strategy, greenback flounder (R. tapirina). This has implications for management because loss of older/larger individuals suggests reduced capacity to withstand or recover from deteriorated environmental conditions associated with a historically extreme drought in the lower Murray River system. Management of these species should seek to preserve the remnant population age structures and then to rebuild age structures by allowing recruits to become established in the adult population. We recommend that assessment of multi-species fisheries in changeable environments, such as occur in estuaries and other end-river environments, requires a suite of indicators that address changes in fish assemblages and populations.     

冀西石湖金矿黄铁矿和石英的晶胞参数特征及其地质意义

将石湖金矿的成矿过程划分为4个阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段,石英-黄铁矿阶段,多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。分别对4个成矿阶段中的黄铁矿和石英进行了晶胞参数测定。结果表明,黄铁矿的a0和0υ随着成矿阶段的演化和深度的增加有减小的趋势,且主成矿阶段为最小值;石英的c0和c0/a0从Ⅰ→Ⅳ阶段具有减小的趋势,石英a0值随深度增加而变大,而c0值和c0/a0随深度增加呈韵律式变化。根据晶胞参数推测,黄铁矿中Co、Ni、As含量高,且未发生S亏损;石英类质同象以Al、Fe等置换杂质为主。本区含矿黄铁矿和石英的晶胞参数分别以a0值较小和a0值较大,c0值较小,c0/a0值较小为特征。黄铁矿的a0和石英的c0和c0/a0绝大多数大于理想值,所以矿体剥蚀不大,深远景广阔。     

新疆塔里木托云盆地沉积环境与聚煤规律

以1：5万地质填图和钻探验证为基础，经分析研究塔里木托云盆地的地层特征、聚煤期、古地理环境，从而建立起该区的沉积模式，总结出该盆地煤层发育于下侏罗统康苏组上段地层之中，含煤11层，煤层为不稳定发育，但分布具有一定的规律可寻，对进一步找煤具有一定的指导意义。     

贵州大厂锑矿有机质与有机成矿作用

用有机地球化学方法对矿区与右江盆地有机质的分析研究表明，容矿的大厂层有机碳与锑含量相对较高；有机包裹体主要是气态烃包裹体与沥青包裹体，在气态烃包裹体中含0％～30％的液态烃，发暗黄色荧光；有机气相成分中四种烷烃甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷均有显示；从主成矿期萤石中的沥青及右江盆地再沉积火山碎屑岩中的干酪根的生物标志物测定结果来看，二者在正烷烃、类异戊二烯烷烃、萜烷与甾烷标志物特征上较为接近，表明右江盆地沉积物中的有机质与锑矿中的有机质有亲缘关系。模拟实验证明原油对锑有较强的萃取迁移能力；而有机质在锑成矿过程中主要起三方面的作用：淋滤、萃取迁移及还原沉淀。     

李口集区块煤储层地质条件及煤层气采收率

基于煤田勘探资料和矿井实际观测结果,结合测试分析和数值计算,对平顶山矿区李口集区块煤储层地质条件进行了研究。结果表明：区块内主煤层的煤体结构破坏严重,小型裂隙发育但连通性较差,含气量中等且属于低压煤储层,煤层气采收率偏低,地面原位开采的难度较大。为此,建议该区块的煤层气开发以矿井抽采为主,并在煤矿采动带和采空区辅以合理的地面抽采工程。