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231.
James Glimm Shuling Hou Hongjoong Kim Yoon-ha Lee David H. Sharp Kenny Ye Qisu Zou 《Computational Geosciences》2001,5(3):173-197
We consider numerical solutions of the Darcy and Buckley–Leverett equations for flow in porous media. These solutions depend on a realization of a random field that describes the reservoir permeability. The main content of this paper is to formulate and analyze a probability model for the numerical coarse grid solution error. We explore the extent to which the coarse grid oil production rate is sufficient to predict future oil production rates. We find that very early oil production data is sufficient to reduce the prediction error in oil production by about 30%, relative to the prior probability prediction. 相似文献
232.
A non-hydrostatic numerical model, the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), has been used to investigate the development of katabatic jumps in Coats Land, Antarctica. In the control run with a 5 m s-1downslope directed initial wind, a katabatic jump develops near the foot of the idealized slope. The jump is manifested as a rapid deceleration of the downslope flow and a change from supercritical to subcritical flow, in a hydraulic sense, i.e., the Froude number (Fr) of the flow changes from Fr > 1 to Fr> 1. Results from sensitivity experiments show that an increase in the upstream flow rate strengthens the jump, while an increase in the downstream inversion-layer depth results in a retreat of the jump. Hydraulic theory and Bernoulli's theorem have been used to explain the surface pressure change across the jump. It is found that hydraulic theory always underestimates the surface pressure change, while Bernoulli's theorem provides a satisfactory estimation. An analysis of the downs balance for the katabatic jump indicates that the important forces are those related to the pressure gradient, advection and, to a lesser extent, the turbulent momentum divergence. The development of katabatic jumps can be divided into two phases. In phase I, the t gradient force is nearly balanced by advection, while in phase II, the pressure gradient force is counterbalanced by turbulent momentum divergence. The upslope pressure gradient force associated with a pool of cold air over the ice shelf facilitates the formation of the katabatic jump. 相似文献
233.
234.
Vulnerability of groundwater in Quaternary aquifers to organic contaminants: a case study in Wuhan City,China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Yanxin Wang Broder J. Merkel Yilian Li Hui Ye Surong Fu Dana Ihm 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(3):479-484
More than 30 organic contaminants were detected in shallow groundwaters at Wuhan, the largest city in central China. Seriously
contaminated groundwaters were from densely populated, industrial and commercial areas. Abnormal concentrations were found
in groundwater from Hankou, downtown Wuhan: trimethylbenzene up to 29 μg/L, tetramethylbenzene up to 866 μg/L, and trichloroethene
up to 9.5 μg/L. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylene and Xylene (BTEX) contamination of groundwater is serious and widespread at Wuhan,
ranging between 0.14 and 25.0 μg/L. Considering the hydrogeological conditions of most Chinese cities, DRAMIC, a modified
version of the widely used DRASTIC model, was proposed by the authors for assessing vulnerability of groundwater to contamination.
The factors D, R, A and I in DRAMIC model are the same as in DRASTIC. The factor topography is ignored. The factor soil media is substituted by a new factor aquifer thickness (M) and the factor hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer by a new factor impact of contaminant (C). The equation for determining the DRAMIC Index is: DRAMIC = 5D
R + 3R
R + 4A
R + 2M
R + 5I
R + 1C
R. The calculated DRAMIC Index can be used to identify areas that are more likely to be susceptible to groundwater contamination
relative to each other. The higher the DRAMIC Index is, the greater the groundwater pollution potential. Applying DRAMIC,
a GIS-based vulnerability map for Wuhan city was prepared. Interestingly, places such as downtown Hankou, where enhanced concentrations
of BTEX have been detected, correspond quite well with those with higher DRAMIC ratings. 相似文献
235.
Geochemistry and spatial distribution of OIB and MORB in A’nyemaqen ophiolite zone: Evidence of Majixueshan ancient ridge-centered hotspot 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The mafic volcanic association is made up of OIB, E-MORB and N-MORB in the A'nyemaqen Paleozoic ophiolites. Compared with the same type rocks in the world, the mafic rocks generally display lower Nb/U and Ce/Pb ratios and some have Nb depletion and Pb enrichment. The OIB are LREE-enriched with (La/Yb)N =5―20, N-MORB are LREE-depleted with (La/Yb)N = 0.41―0.5. The OIB are featured by incompatible element enrichment and the N-MORB are obviously depleted with some metasomatic effect, and E-MORB are geochemically intermediated. These rocks are distributed around the Majixueshan OIB and gabbros in a thickness greater than a thousand meters and transitionally change along the ophiolite extension in a west-east direction, showing a symmetric distribution pattern as centered by the Majixueshan OIB, that is, from N-MORB, OIB and E-MORB association in the Dur'ngoi area to OIB in the Majixueshan area and then to N-MORB, OIB and E-MORB assemblage again in the Buqingshan area. By consideration of the rock association, the rock spatial distribution and the thickness of the mafic rocks in the Majixueshan, coupled with the metasomatic relationship between the OIB and MORB sources, it can be argued that the Majixueshan probably corresponds to an ancient hotspot or an ocean island formed by mantle plume on the A'nyemaqeh ocean ridge, that is the ridge-centered hotspot, tectonically similar to the present-day Iceland hotspot. 相似文献
236.
LI ZiYing FANG XiHeng CHEN AnPing OU GuangXi XIAO XinJian SUN Ye LIU ChiYang WANG Yi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z2):165-173
Dongsheng sandstone-type uranium deposit is located in the northern part of Ordos Basin, occurring in the transitional zones between gray-green and gray sandstones of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sandstones in oxidized zone of the ore bed look gray-green, being of unique signature and different from one of ordinary inter-layered oxidation zone of sandstone-type uranium deposits. The character and origin of gray-green sandstones are systematically studied through their petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry. It is pointed out that this color of sandstones is originated from secondary oil-gas reduction processes after paleo-oxidation, being due to acicular-leaf chlorite covering surfaces of the sandstone grains. To find out the origin of gray-green sandstone and recognize paleo-oxidation zones in the ore bed are of not only theoretical significance for understanding metallogenesis of this kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit, but also very importantly practical significance for prospecting for similar kind of sandstone-type uranium deposit. 相似文献
237.
238.
Excel97在多目标地球化学调查分析质量管理中的应用 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:5
采用中文版Excel97设计和实现了多目标地球化学调查样品分析质量管理。该系统只要建立好相应的分析数据库,就可自动获得分析报告、报出率、内检样检查、标样检查、标样监控图等监控数据。 相似文献
239.
区域趋势控制协变量回归分析效果评估方法研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
本文根据区域趋势控制和气象-物理协变量相关设计了三套非随机化人工增雨作业效果评估方案,个例作用区域趋势对比双比分析评估方案,区域趋势相关回归分析评估方案和气象-物理协变量多元回归分析评估方案,对河南省实例评估计算表明,利用物理协变量作为控制因子,可以提高作业区自然水量估计值的准确度,从而能提高随机化作业的效果评估效率。 相似文献
240.