Spatial heterogeneity of economic development and industrial pollution in urban China

The relationship between economic development and environmental pollution has been widely studied in the context of the environmental Kuznets curve. This study applies the three-dimension framework of density, division, and distance proposed by the World Bank to identify the spatial heterogeneity of development and pollution in urban China. An inverted U relationship is detected between density and industrial SO₂ emission, while a cubic relationship is found between density and industrial SO₂/soot emission intensity. The statistical significance of division indicates that the pollution haven hypothesis holds in the western region and cities in the periphery. The environmental implication of distance is that the industrial pollution is largely concentrated in the national and regional cores.     

A mesoscale eddy detection method of specific intensity and scale from SSH image in the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific

Mesoscale eddies exist almost everywhere in the ocean and play important roles in the ocean circulation of the world. These eddies may cause sound spread singular regions and bring great influences to the upwater ship and underwater aircraft. Due to the lack of hydrographic survey datasets, study of mesoscale eddies has been greatly restricted. Fortunately, satellite altimeter provided an effective way to study mesoscale eddies. An automatic detection algorithm is introduced to detect mesoscale eddies of specific intensity and spatial/temporal scale based on satellite sea surface height (SSH) data and the algorithm is applied in a strong eddy activity region: the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific. The algorithm includes four steps. The first step is preprocessing of the SSH image, which includes elimination of error SSH data and interpolation. The second step is to detect suspected mesoscale eddies from preprocessed SSH images by dynamic threshold adjustment and morphological method, and the suspected mesoscale eddy detection includes two procedures: suspected mesoscale eddy core region detection and suspected mesoscale eddy brim extraction. The third step is to pick out mesoscale eddies satisfied with specified criteria from suspected mesoscale eddies. The criteria include three items, that is, intensity criterion, spatial scale, criterion and temporal scale criterion. The last step is algorithm performance analysis and verification. The algorithm has the capability of adaptive parameter adjustment, and can extract mesoscale eddies of interested intensity and spatial/temporal scale. The paper can provide a basis for analyzing space-time characteristics of mesoscale eddy in the South China Sea and the Northwest Pacific.     

华庆油田长81储层成岩相类型及微观孔隙结构特征

为探讨华庆油田长8₁储层成岩相类型及相内微观孔隙结构特征,在储层沉积特征背景上,开展物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、常规压汞、图像孔隙、X线衍射、油水相渗等测试实验,并结合试油及试采数据资料验证。研究表明,不同成岩相类型具有建设性与破坏性双重作用,具体表现在压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用的差异上。室内实验对成岩相与微观孔隙结构的定性分析与定量描述具有一致性以及与试油、试采数据吻合性,指出依据微观孔隙结构特征能够预测并评价该类储层有利空间。长8₁储层水下分流河道沉积微相中绿泥石衬边残余孔溶蚀相粒间孔发育,为优势储集带;强压实-碳酸盐+伊利石胶结相孔隙被破坏,损失严重,储集性较差。     

大九湖钻孔记录的神农架地区中更新世晚期以来的气候环境变化

运用孢粉浓缩物AMS ¹⁴C测年和氨基酸测年方法结合气候地层对比,建立神农架地区大九湖盆地DJH-2 孔的地层年代序列。依据孢粉分析结果并结合沉积环境,将大九湖盆地中更新世晚期以来的植被演替和古气候演化划分为六个阶段：① 275.0-188.0 ka,寒冷偏干,寒温带针叶林、高山草甸;② 245.0-188.0 ka,暖湿偏干,常绿、落叶阔叶混交林;③ 188.0-129.0 ka,冷干,寒温带针叶林为主,过渡为高山草甸为主;④ 129.0-71.8 ka,暖湿,暖温带落叶阔叶林;⑤71.8-15 ka,冷干,寒温带针叶林与高山草甸间隔发育,中间有喜暖种属增多的迹象;⑥ 15.0-1.0 ka,暖湿,亚热带常绿、落叶阔叶林。孢粉组合特征及单种属特征所显示的盆地气候变化反映了良好的全球冰期、间冰期气候旋回。孢粉浓度特征反映大九湖盆地气候变化受北半球高纬冰量与低纬太阳辐射的双重控制。     

Spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon intensity from energy consumption in China

The sustainable development has been seriously challenged by global climate change due to carbon emissions. As a developing country, China promised to reduce 40%-45% below the level of the year 2005 on its carbon intensity by 2020. The realization of this target depends on not only the substantive transition of society and economy at the national scale, but also the action and share of energy saving and emissions reduction at the provincial scale. Based on the method provided by the IPCC, this paper examines the spatiotemporal dynamics and dominating factors of China’s carbon intensity from energy consumption in 1997–2010. The aim is to provide scientific basis for policy making on energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in China. The results are shown as follows. Firstly, China’s carbon emissions increased from 4.16 Gt to 11.29 Gt from 1997 to 2010, with an annual growth rate of 7.15%, which was much lower than that of GDP (11.72%). Secondly, the trend of Moran’s I indicated that China’s carbon intensity has a growing spatial agglomeration at the provincial scale. The provinces with either high or low values appeared to be path-dependent or space-locked to some extent. Third, according to spatial panel econometric model, energy intensity, energy structure, industrial structure and urbanization rate were the dominating factors shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of China’s carbon intensity from energy consumption. Therefore, in order to realize the targets of energy conservation and emission reduction, China should improve the efficiency of energy utilization, optimize energy and industrial structure, choose the low-carbon urbanization approach and implement regional cooperation strategy of energy conservation and emissions reduction.     

巴姆地震地表形变的差分雷达干涉测量

利用星载合成孔径差分雷达干涉技术和ENVISAT卫星雷达数据, 获得了2003年12月26日伊朗巴姆的里氏6.5级地震引起的同震地表形变场,并详细地介绍了信号处理的过程. 利用地震前后的相干图的差异及形变场的突变棱线, 精确确定了地面上断层裂缝的位置、形状和长度. 这对震源理论模型的参数估计提供了依据. 由雷达干涉技术测量得到的形变场与理论模型模拟的结果一致.      

青藏块体东北缘弹性块体边界负位错反演与强震地点预测

利用青藏块体东北缘1993——1999年、1999——2001年和2001——2003年3个时段的GPS水平运动速度场成果,通过研究建立的弹性块体边界负位错模型反演,给出该区构造块体及其边界断裂运动与变形差异、构造应变场时空分布、高应变能积累部位以及强度的定性分析和定量描述. 在充分考虑区域构造及块体应变的前提下,研究与该区6级左右及6级以上地震地点预测相关的背景性前兆的共性特征.      

湖北省经济对外开放度研究

改革开放以来,中国的对外开放水平不断提高,但各地区之间差异显著。文章采用1990～2002年的统计资料,对湖北省经济的对外开放度进行测定和分析。结果表明,自1990年以来,湖北省经济的对外开放度虽有了明显提高,但仍与东部沿海地区存在明显差异,且省域内部的差异也十分明显。据此,提出了进一步提高湖北省对外开放水平,推动其区域经济可持续发展的战略构想。     

The influence of topography and land use on water quality of Xiangxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir region

A self-organizing map (SOM) was used to cluster the water quality data of Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir region. The results showed that 81 sampling sites could be divided into several groups representing different land use types. The forest dominated region had low concentrations of most nutrient variables except COD, whereas the agricultural region had high concentrations of NO₃N, TN, Alkalinity, and Hardness. The sites downstream of an urban area were high in NH₃N, NO₂N, PO₄P and TP. Redundancy analysis was used to identify the individual effects of topography and land use on river water quality. The results revealed that the watershed factors accounted for 61.7% variations of water quality in the Xiangxi River. Specifically, topographical characteristics explained 26.0% variations of water quality, land use explained 10.2%, and topography and land use together explained 25.5%. More than 50% of the variation in most water quality variables was explained by watershed characteristics. However, water quality variables which are strongly influenced by urban and industrial point source pollution (NH₃N, NO₂N, PO₄P and TP) were not as well correlated with watershed characteristics.