黄河流域气候水分盈亏时空格局分析

以中国气象局整编的1961~2001 年的气象资料为数据基础,采用联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)1998 年推荐使用的Penmanmonteith模型,并以GIS技术为手段进行黄河流域气候水分盈亏的时空分布格局分析。结果表明：黄河流域干旱缺水是一种普遍现象,气候水分盈亏量在空间上总的变化规律表现为自南向北、自东向西气候水分亏缺量呈逐渐增大趋势,大部分地区全年气候水分亏缺量介于200~600 mm之间;就季节分布而言,水分亏缺的主要时期在春季和初夏,亏缺量一般在180~300 mm之间;就典型站点气候水分盈亏量逐月变化而言,存在着区域差异。研究结果和结论对区域充分发挥水分利用效率、发展高效节水农业具有重要意义。     

中国地震前兆台网主要问题探讨

通过“十五”中国数字地震观测网络项目建设,中国地震前兆台网的建设和运行维护取得了巨大的进步,但也存在一些不足之处。本文从观测、运行和服务等几个方面对中国地震前兆台网存在的一些不足之处进行了全面分析总结,提出了对这些问题的解决方法,以供今后前兆台网建设时参考。     

综合信息矿产资源预测半定量快速分析方法初探-以巴音诺尔公-狼山地区铜多金属矿预测分析为例

本文在研究巴音诺尔公-狼山地区区域地质背景和主控矿因素的基础上,应用MAPGIS图形编辑、数据库管理及空间分析查询检索功能,建立了渣尔秦山群、岩浆岩、断裂构造、矿产和地球化学等控矿信息图层,分析了该地区矿产资源与各类控矿信息的关系,确定了10个单位(2km)的范围内为大型断裂构造对矿产地的最佳影响带.以铜矿为例,圈定了霍各乞外围铜预测区、盖沙图-阿责庙一带铜预测区和朱拉扎嘎-红格尔玉林金铜多金属预测区.初步形成一套基于MAPGIS系统下的综合信息矿产资源预测半定量快速分析方法.     

THE POSITION AND ROLES OF PORTS AND RAILWAYS IN THE EURASIA LAND BRIDGE TRANSPORTATION IN NORTHEAST CHINA

This paper systematically analyzes and proves the favorable factors of utilizing the ports and the railways in Northeast China for the Asia-Europe land bridge transportation. It will be more beneficial to Dalian Port and HaDa (Harbin-Dalian) and Binzhou (Harbin-Manzhouli) railways in Northeast China to the Siberia railway in Russia than 1) to other ports and the corresponding railways in China, 2) to the Nakhodka Port in Russia and the corresponding railways and 3) to the Chongjin Port in North Korea and the corresponding railways. This paper also puts forward the reform measures to adopt the ports and the railways in the northeast region in China for the land bridge transportation and the problems in transportation policies and management systems.     

ESR DATING OF FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS USING GE CENTER IN QUARTZ

Using the Ge centers of quartz sediments, the buried ages of fluvial sediments were determined by ESR technique. The ESR ages obtained from Ge centers are consistent with the TL ages, correspond with their horizons, accord with the geological background, and every ESR age is available. In this paper, determination of total dose of natural radiation (TD) and the reliability of ESR age using Ge center are also discussed.     

Hydroacoustic estimates of fish biomass and spatial distributions in shallow lakes

We conducted acoustical surveys with a horizontal beam transducer to detect fish and with a vertical beam transducer to detect depth and macrophytes in two typical shallow lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River in November 2013. Both lakes are subject to active fish management with annual stocking and removal of large fish. The purpose of the study was to compare hydroacoustic horizontal beam estimates with fish landings. The preliminary results show that the fish distribution patterns dif fered in the two lakes and were af fected by water depth and macrophyte coverage. The hydroacoustically estimated fish biomass matched the commercial catch very well in Niushan Lake, but it was two times higher in Kuilei Lake. However, acoustic estimates included all fish, whereas the catch included only fish 45 cm(smaller ones were released). We were unable to determine the proper regression between acoustic target strength and fish length for the dominant fish species in the two lakes.     

BDS卫星失效对区域定位精度的影响评估

基于STK软件实现了2016-09 BDS系统星座结构的仿真,并选取可见卫星数、DOP值、系统可用性作为评估BDS卫星星座设计结构的指标,分析单颗与全部倾斜轨道卫星（IGSO）、地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）失效后对我国大陆地区BDS系统可用性的影响。结果表明,IGSO4卫星与GEO5卫星失效后对BDS在区域的定位性能影响较大,失效后的GDOP值分别为1.98、2.16。取BDS卫星正常运行时区域平均GDOP最大值(S=2.60)作为系统可用性阈值时,系统可用性分别降低了1.79%、32.63%;阈值取2S(5.20)、3S(7.80)、4S(10.40)、5S(13.00)时,系统可用性均可达100.00%。GEO整体失效后BDS系统在高精度定位中仍部分可用,而IGSO整体失效后BDS系统可用性受到大幅度限制。因此,增加在轨备份卫星时需重点考虑GEO5、IGSO4,并适当增加IGSO卫星的数目。     

改进的小波阈值函数对变形监测数据的去噪研究

基于小波分析中传统的阈值函数,结合其他学者提出的小波阈值函数,提出一种改进的小波阈值函数,并将其应用于变形监测数据的去噪处理。理论分析和算例表明,新的小波阈值去噪函数能够有效去除噪声。     

水面皮层破坏-复原过程的实验室模拟研究

依据水面红外发射和红外遥感测温原理，采用HDG－高灵敏度红外测温仪和常规测量仪器相结合的方法，在实验室空气稳定条件下，模拟测得了水面皮层破坏－复原（重建）的热力过程和气－水温差对水面皮层复原过程的影响，获得了大量的测量数据。数据分析表明，当气－水温差从3．0℃变为11．5℃时，水面皮层破坏可导致皮温增量从气－水温差3．0℃时的0．15℃变到11．5℃时的0．45℃，并发现恢复时间与气－水温差呈负线性关系。