Complex vertical migration of larvae of the ghost shrimp, Nihonotrypaea harmandi, in inner shelf waters of western Kyushu,Japan

The position of meroplanktonic larvae in the water column with depth-dependent current velocities determines horizontal transport trajectories. For those larvae occurring in inner shelf waters, little is known about how combined diel and tidally-synchronized vertical migration patterns shift ontogenetically. The vertical migration of larvae of Nihonotrypaea harmandi (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae) was investigated in mesotidal, inner shelf waters of western Kyushu, Japan in July–August 2006. The larval sampling at seven depth layers down to 60 m was conducted every 3 h for 36 h in a 68.5-m deep area 10 km off a major coastal adult habitat. Within a 61–65-m deep area 5–7.5 km off the adult habitat, water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a concentration, and photon flux density were measured, and water currents there were characterized from harmonic analysis of current meter data collected in 2008. The water column was stratified, with pycnocline, chlorophyll a concentration maximum, and 2% of photon flux density at 2 m, recorded at around 22–24 m. The stratified residual currents were detected in their north component, directed offshore and onshore in the upper and lower mixed layers, respectively. More than 87% of larvae occurred between 20 m and 60 m, producing a net onshore transport of approximately 1.3 km d⁻¹. At the sunset flooding tide, all zoeal-stage larvae ascended, which could further promote retention (1.4-km potential onshore transport in 3 h). The actual onshore transport of larvae was detected by observing their occurrence pattern in a shallow embayment area with the adult habitat for 24 h in October 1994. However, ontogenetic differences in the vertical migration pattern in inner shelf waters were also apparent, with the maximum mean positions of zoeae deepening with increasing stages. Zoeae I and II performed a reverse diel migration, with their minimum and maximum depths being reached around noon and midnight, respectively. Zoeae IV and V descended continuously. Zoeae III had behaviors that were intermediate to those of the earlier- and later-stage zoeae. Postlarvae underwent a normal diel migration (nocturnal ascent) regardless of tides, with the deepest position (below 60 m and/or on the bottom) during the day. These findings give a new perspective towards how complex vertical migration patterns in meroplanktonic larvae enable their retention in inner shelf waters before the final entry of postlarvae into their natal populations.     

Late Miocene Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems in the Jozankei-Zenibako District, Southwest Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract: Hydrothermal systems related to magmatic intrusions in the Jozankei-Zenibako district, southwest Hokkaido are examined, based on field observations, K-Ar ages, and alteration mineral assemblages. The study reveals five major magmat–ic–hydrothermal systems of Late Miocene in age, comprising Ogawa (9. 7 Ma), Jozankei (9. 5–9. 0 Ma), Otarunaigawa (8. 7 Ma), Asarigawa (8. 8 and 6. 7 Ma) and Hariusu (6. 7 Ma). The Ogawa system is related to granodiorite, and the Jozankei, Otarunaigawa and Asarigawa systems are related to quartz porphyry.
The Ogawa system includes potassic, sericitic, propylitic and advanced argillic alteration as well as base-metal mineralization, represented by the Toyotomi deposit. The Jozankei and Otarunaigawa systems lack significant potassic alteration, and are accompanied by sericitic and propylitic alteration. The Otarunaigawa system is associated with base-metal mineralization at Toyohiro and Inatoyo. The Asarigawa and Hariusu systems include advanced argillic and argillic alteration, as well as iron sulfide deposits. The presence of potassic alteration only in the Ogawa system is ascribed to deeper emplacement (˜3 km from the surface) of the intrusive magma. These systems formed in terrestrial environments that existed from ca. 11 Ma to 8. 5 Ma and after 7. 5 Ma in the district.
Age–data compilation shows that the major advanced argillic alteration events in southwest Hokkaido, including those in the Jozankei-Zenibako district, formed during the periods from 9. 7–6. 5 Ma and 3. 5–1. 5 Ma. These periods correspond to the timing of normal subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the Northeast Japan arc. Normal, in contrast to oblique, plate subduction is characterized by andesitic, polygenetic volcanism and associated advanced argillic alteration.     

Geology and K-Ar Ages of the South, Huh Bulgiin Hundii, Saran Uul, Taats Gol and Han Uul deposits in the Bayankhongor Region, Mongolia

Abstract: The Bayankhongor region in central Mongolia consists of a Paleozoic subduction system including Precambrian microcontinents (Baidrag and Burd Gol zones), obducted ophiolites and accretionary sedimentary rocks (Bayankhongor and Dzag zones), and forearc sedimentary rocks (Khangay zone). Arc magmatism in the Bayankhongor region is characterized by dominance of Early Paleozoic ilmenite-series and Late Paleozoic magnetite-series granitoids. These granitoids accompany many hydrothermal deposits of such various types as porphyry, skarn and vein. K-Ar dating on four deposits in the region revealed that the South porphyry Cu-Au, Huh Bulgiin Hundii skarn Cu-Au, Han Uul shear zone-hosted Au and Taats Gol pegmatite W-Au deposits formed at 240±5 Ma, 252±5 Ma, 283±6 Ma and 329±7 Ma, respectively.
Thus the former three are related to the Permian to earliest Triassic magnetite-series granitoids, whereas the W-Au pegmatite at Taats Gol to the Early Carboniferous ilmenite-series granitoids. Porphyry and skarn Cu-Au mineralization occurred at latest Permian to earliest Triassic, when the Andean-type arc magmatism was immediately followed by the collision between the Baidrag and Tarbagatai microcontinents.     

VCS柱状采样及其在中国太湖富营养化评价中的应用

The lake sediments, especially in recent years, genuinely record human being''s activities upon the lake environment. The top 30cm sections are of significance in the process of advanced cultural eutrophication and water quality deterioration. Based on the data of 4 core sam-ples obtained in June 19-22, 1997, with VCS in northern, western and southern Taihu Lake, some preliminary results are reported. Further analyses on the physico-chemical items as well as element content may reveal more information of the accelerating cultural eutrophication.     

Volume transport in the Soya Strait during 2006–2008

Time-series data of the vertical structure of the Soya Warm Current (SWC) were obtained by a bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) in the middle of the Soya Strait from September 2006 to July 2008. The site of the ADCP measurement was within the coverage of the ocean-radar measurement around the strait. The volume transport of the SWC through the strait is estimated on the basis of both the vertical structure observed by the ADCP and the horizontal structure observed by the radars for the first time. The annual transport estimates are 0.62–0.67 Sv (1 Sv = 10⁶ m³s⁻¹). They are somewhat smaller than the difference between the previous estimates of the inflow and outflow through other straits in the Sea of Japan, and smaller than those obtained in the region downstream of the strait during 2004–05 (0.94–1.04 Sv). The difference in the two periods may be attributed to interannual variability of the SWC and/or the different measurement locations.     

日本岛根县石见银矿区英安质火山岩中的黑云母矿物学特征及其K-Ar和40Ar-39Ar年代学研究

以显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针等方法,对日本岛根县石见银矿区所产英安质火山岩中的黑云母进行了详细的研究．观察到部分黑云母经受了不同程度的热液蚀变作用。根据对未蚀变、或仅受到轻微蚀变作用的黑云母所进行的^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄测定,它们主要为第四纪产物。但是,从经受强热液蚀变作用的黑云母所获得的^40Ar-^39Ar同位素结果表明,后期的高温热液活动可以破坏晶体中的原始K—Ar同位素平衡,使得其。^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄与高于从未蚀变矿物所获得的结果,从而产生严重的年代失真。所以,对来自热液蚀变带的样品需要进行详细的矿物学研究。估计对黑云母的原始KAr同位素体系产生破坏的热扰动临界温度可能在200℃左右。     

Oxidative stress responses of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria asiatica to different concentrations of cyanobacteria

In a 10-day aquarium experiment,this investigation examines macrophyte restoration in eutrophic Lake Taihu,the physiological effects of different plant biomass levels and of increasing natural cyanobacterial concentrations on a submerged macrophyte,Vallisneria asiatica. Cyanobacterial stress suppressed the superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity of the plant's leaves and induced the catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) activities of its roots. The soluble protein content in V. asiatica decreased with an increase in natural cyanobacterial concentrations,whereas the malonaldehyde(MDA) increased significantly at chlorophylla(Chl a) concentrations of 222 and 262 μg/L in water. V. asiatica adapted to the stress caused by cyanobacterial concentrations by adjusting its antioxidant defense system to remove the excessive reactive oxygen species when the algal Chl a concentration was 109 μg/L. Additionally,high biomass of V. asiatica(2 222 g FW/m 2) can inhibit the reproduction of cyanobacteria more significantly than low biomass(1 111 g FW/m2). High biomass of V. asiatica increased the oxidative stress in an individual plant when the initial Chl a concentration in the water reached 222 and 262 μg/L,as expressed by the increased MDA in leaves,compared with low biomass of V. asiatica. This provides a basis for controlling cyanobacterial concentrations and V. asiatica biomass for the recovery of V. asiatica in eutrophic Lake Taihu.     

Expected changes in future agro-climatological conditions in Northeast Thailand and their differences between general circulation models

We have studied future changes in the atmospheric and hydrological environments in Northeast Thailand from the viewpoint of risk assessment of future cultural environments in crop fields. To obtain robust and reliable estimation for future climate, ten general circulation models under three warming scenarios, B1, A1B, and A2, were used in this study. The obtained change trends show that daily maximum air temperature and precipitation will increase by 2.6°C and 4.0%, respectively, whereas soil moisture will decrease by c.a. 1% point in volumetric water content at the end of this century under the A1B scenario. Seasonal contrasts in precipitation will intensify: precipitation increases in the rainy season and precipitation decreases in the dry season. Soil moisture will slightly decrease almost throughout the year. Despite a homogeneous increase in the air temperature over Northeast Thailand, a future decrease in soil water content will show a geographically inhomogeneous distribution: Soil will experience a relative larger decrease in wetness at a shallow depth on the Khorat plateau than in the surrounding mountainous area, reflecting vegetation cover and soil texture. The predicted increase in air temperature is relatively consistent between general circulation models. In contrast, relatively large intermodel differences in precipitation, especially in long-term trends, produce unwanted bias errors in the estimation of other hydrological elements, such as soil moisture and evaporation, and cause uncertainties in projection of the agro-climatological environment. Offline hydrological simulation with a wide precipitation range is one strategy to compensate for such uncertainties and to obtain reliable risk assessment of future cultural conditions in rainfed paddy fields in Northeast Thailand.