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71.
Shigehiko Tateno Kei Hirose Nagayoshi Sata Yasuo Ohishi 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2009,277(1-2):130-136
We have determined the post-perovskite phase transition boundary in MgSiO3 in a wide temperature range from 1640 to 4380 K at 119–171 GPa on the basis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements in-situ at high-pressure and -temperature in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell (LHDAC). The results show a considerably high positive Clapeyron slope of + 13.3 ± 1.0 MPa/K and a transition temperature of about 3520 ± 70 K at the core–mantle boundary (CMB) pressure. The thermal structure in D″ layer can be tightly constrained from precisely determined post-perovskite phase transition boundary and the depths of paired seismic discontinuities. These suggest that temperature at the CMB may be around 3700 K, somewhat lower than previously thought. A minimum bound on the global heat flow from the core is estimated to be 6.6 ± 0.5 TW. 相似文献
72.
Queenie H. S. Chan Aiko Nakato Yoko Kebukawa Michael E. Zolensky Tomoki Nakamura Jessica A. Maisano Matthew W. Colbert James E. Martinez A. L. David Kilcoyne Hiroki Suga Yoshio Takahashi Yasuo Takeichi Kazuhiko Mase Ian P. Wright 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(1):104-125
We present in this study the effects of short‐term heating on organics in the Tagish Lake meteorite and how the difference in the heating conditions can modify the organic matter (OM) in a way that complicates the interpretation of a parent body's heating extent with common cosmothermometers. The kinetics of short‐term heating and its influence on the organic structure are not well understood, and any study of OM is further complicated by the complex alteration processes of the thermally metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrites—potential analogues of the target asteroid Ryugu of the Hayabusa2 mission—which had experienced posthydration, short‐duration local heating. In an attempt to understand the effects of short‐term heating on chondritic OM, we investigated the change in the OM contents of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake meteorite samples using Raman spectroscopy, scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy utilizing X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, and ultraperformance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection and quadrupole time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry. Our experiment suggests that graphitization of OM did not take place despite the samples being heated to 900 °C for 96 h, as the OM maturity trend was influenced by the heating conditions, kinetics, and the nature of the OM precursor, such as the presence of abundant oxygenated moieties. Although both the intensity of the 1s?σ* exciton cannot be used to accurately interpret the peak metamorphic temperature of the experimentally heated Tagish Lake sample, the Raman graphite band widths of the heated products significantly differ from that of chondritic OM modified by long‐term internal heating. 相似文献
73.
74.
Evaluation of slope stability by finite element method using observed displacement of landslide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To monitor land deformation in detail, we ran a large-scale field test in which an artificial landslide was induced by the application of a load to a natural slope. The measured landslide displacement was reproduced numerically through the use of finite element model analysis with a two-dimensional elasto-viscoplastic model. The analysis suggested that the strength of the sliding surface decreased as the landslide mass moved. We propose a simple method for estimating safety factors. The method involves back-calculation of shear strength parameters through reproduction of observed landslide displacements and calculating the ratio of driving force to resisting force acting on the sliding surface as modeled by joint elements. This ratio, the “stability index”, shows the same trend as safety factors calculated by a two-dimensional limit equilibrium method and a shear strength reduction method that use back-calculated shear strength parameters estimated from the limit equilibrium state. The results indicate that the stability index may be applicable to the assessment of slope stability. 相似文献
75.
76.
Yasuo Shiba 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1995,68(1-3):503-508
The radiant point can be decided by using assumption that a meteor's velocity is constant by only one photograph with rotation shutter or one TV camera. Trajectory and initial velocity can be decided by using additional assumption beginning with the height of a meteor. In this method, the radiant point can be computed accurately when trajectory length is long enough which can be regarded constant velocity and measurement's error is small. 相似文献
77.
Vuthy Monyrath Yasuo Sakura Akinobu Miyakoshi Takeshi Hayashi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(5):923-932
Previous studies and borehole temperature measurements suggest that subsurface temperature distribution on the west side of
Tokyo Bay (from Tokyo to Yokohama) is higher than that of the east side (Chiba side). To understand the groundwater flow and
other factors which may contribute to the subsurface temperature discrepancy such as geological setting in the study area,
groundwater temperature profiles were measured in 119 boreholes around the Tokyo Bay from 2002 to 2007. The data were analyzed
and compared with previous studies. Horizontal distribution of subsurface temperature at the depths of −50 and −100 m was
made to show the distribution of thermal regime. A cross-section across the bay of Tokyo was made to see the isothermal lines
and distribution of hydraulic heads in a vertical perspective. These results show that the highest subsurface temperature
zone is in the Tokyo area, along the river valley. Subsurface temperature at the depth of 50- and 100-m below sea level in
the western part of the bay is comparatively higher than its eastern side at the same elevation and distance from the bay.
This fact suggests that there is a regional groundwater flow system in the area and it is strongly affected by the geological
structure, particularly buried valley systems of the bay during the Paleo-Tokyo River and the topographical driving force
which is the result of the different elevation of recharge areas. Groundwater discharge is concentrated along the buried valley of Paleo-Tokyo River. 相似文献
78.
Multivariate data with spatial dependencies arise in many areas of application, including geology, precision agriculture, and ecology. For analysis of such data, a methodology based on a generalized shifted-factor model is developed. The model incorporates potential lagged dependencies between factors and observed variables, representing asymmetric spatial dependencies observed in practice. Identification and estimation issues are discussed. A prediction procedure that exploits both the multivariate and spatial dependence in the data is proposed and illustrated. 相似文献
79.
Kazuo Kobayashi Jean-Paul Cadet Jean Aubouin Jacques Boulgue Jacques Dubois Roland von Huene Laurent Jolivet Toshihiko Kanazawa Junzo Kasahara Kin-ichiro Koizumi Serge Lallemand Yasuo Nakamura Guy Pautot Kiyoshi Suyehiro Shin Tani Hidekazu Tokuyama Toshitsugu Yamazaki 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1987,83(1-4)
A detailed topographic and geophysical survey of the Daiichi-Kashima Seamount area in the southern Japan Trench, northwestern Pacific margin, clearly defines a high-angle normal fault which splits the seamount into two halves. A fan-shaped zone was investigated along 2–4 km spaced, 100 km long subparallel tracks using narrow multi-beam (Seabeam) echo-sounder with simultaneous measurements of gravity, magnetic total field and single-channel seismic reflection records. Vertical displacement of the inboard half was clearly mapped and its normal fault origin was supported. The northern and southern extensions of the normal fault beyond the flank of the seamount were delineated. Materials on the landward trench slope are displaced upward and to sideways away from the colliding seamount. Canyons observed in the upper landward slope terminate at the mid-slope terrace which has been uplifted since start of subduction of the seamount. Most of the landward slope except for the landward walls aside the seamount comprises only a landslide topography in a manner similar to the northern Japan Trench wall. This survey was conducted on R/V “Jean Charcot” as a part of the Kaiko I cruise, Leg 3, in July–August 1984 under the auspices of the French-Japanese scientific cooperative program. 相似文献
80.
Four different types of pyroxene found in a Beaver Bay ferrogabbro were analysed by microprobe. The crystallization sequence of pyroxene is augite-ferroaugite with exsolution lamellae of Ca-poor clinopyroxene → ferropigeonite with exsolution lamellae of augite → ferrohypersthene without exsolution lamellae+augite and ferroaugite without exsolution lamellae. The core of augite-ferroaugite with exsolution lamellae is cumulus pyroxene, whereas others, including the margin of augite-ferroaugite with lamellae, are interpreted to have crystallized from the intercumulus liquid. The sequence of crystallization of minerals from intercumulus liquid is different from that of minerals which have accumulated successively to the bottom and which were related to the fractionation of the whole layered series. The difference may be attributed to the different oxidation state of crystallization. 相似文献