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121.
A channelised long run-out debris slide triggered by the Noto Hanto Earthquake in 2007, Japan 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Yasuhiko Okada Hirotaka Ochiai Ushio Kurokawa Yasuhiro Ogawa Shiho Asano 《Landslides》2008,5(2):235-239
A strong earthquake (M
J 6.9, M
W 6.6–6.7) at about 11 km depth hit the western shore of the Noto Peninsula on Honshu, Japan, at about 00:42 coordinated universal
time (9:42 a.m. local time) on 25 March 2007 (the Noto Hanto Earthquake in 2007). The earthquake triggered only 61 landslides, with most
traveling short distances. It caused one long run-out landslide in the Nakanoya district of Monzen town, Wajima city, Ishikawa
Prefecture, when a portion of a deep-seated landslide transformed into a moderate debris slide down a channel. The rock slide
occurred on a south-facing convex-shaped slope on a small spur where earthquake ground shaking likely was strongly amplified
by topography. A portion of the rock slide reached a small channel floored by materials containing abundant groundwater. Constant-volume
box-shear tests on normally consolidated saturated specimens revealed that the apparent angle of internal friction of the
channel-floor material was 33–36° at 10-mm shear displacement and did not show much decrease in effective normal stress during
shearing. In situ rock-sliding testing on the exposed channel materials showed a low kinetic-friction angle of about 21°.
We suggest that an unsaturated portion of the rock slide slid down the channel, with sliding between the rock-slide mass and
the channel floor. Because the slope angle of the travel path nearly equaled the kinetic-friction angle, the unsaturated rock
slide mass may have traveled at a moderately slow speed, or it might have decelerated and accelerated. Slow speed is supported
by accounts from local residents that suggest movement of debris continued for 3 days after the main shock. 相似文献
122.
This paper analyzes daily variations in the occurrences of pelagic fishes and zooplankters on a small regional scale. The data used are based on daily observations repeated at 24h intervals during 6 days from 16 to 21, September, 1971, in coastal waters close to Esaki, a fishing port in the southwestern part of the Japan Sea (Yamaguchi Prefecture). The observations comprised acoustic surveys of the fish population, zooplankton sampling with a net, and Secchi disc readings, for evaluating relationships between the abundances of pelagic fishes and their food, as well as alternations in water masses. No clear correlation between pelagic fishes and their food, copepods, within a short time period was observed; fish population continued to decrease with eastward movements of fish schools although the abundances of copepods remained at almost the same level during the observations. Patterns of changes in both settled volumes of plankton and transparencies evidently suggested the occurrence of alternations in water masses. Pelagic fish schools proved to move in company with the transition of water masses. 相似文献
123.
124.
Tatsuji Kato Toshihiro Omodaka Mitsumi Fujishita Kin-Aki Kawabata Hideo Ogawa 《Solar physics》1982,78(1):137-140
Interferometer observation of a behind-the-limb flare on 7 September, 1977, at 35 GHz ( = 8.6 mm) shows that the microwave non-thermal radio source of the burst is located in the coronal region at the height higher than 7000 km above the photosphere and rises gradually with the velocity of about 30 km s-1. 相似文献
125.
The hydroxyl column abundance in the middle atmosphere is measured with ground-based uv spectroscopy using the sun as a light source. The present method is distinctive in that it utilizes the Doppler shift of the solar spectrum due to the solar rotation to discriminate the slight terrestrial hydroxyl absorption from prominent solar features. By comparing the spectra measured on the east and the west edges of the solar disk, it is possible to cancel out most of the solar structures and to make the terrestrial features much more evident. 相似文献
126.
Koh Naito Yasumasa Fukahori He Peiming Wakaba Sakurai Hidehiko Shimazaki Yukihiro Matsuhisa 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1995,54(3)
Mapping of the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of hydrothermally altered wall rocks was conducted during blind ore prospecting for Pb---Zn skarn deposits in the Kamioka mining district, central Japan. The wall rocks consist of heterogeneous rock units. Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios were determined for 35 limestones and 33 silicate rocks from the area around the Mozumi deposit (3 km × 3 km) in the Kamioka mining district. The results (δ18Ospsmow of − 1.1 to + 17.3% and δ13Csppdb of − 5.0 to +4.8% for limestones, and δ18Ospsmow of −0.8 to + 12.5% for silicate rocks) show isotope zonations of the wall rocks, with lighter isotopic compositions toward the center of mineralization. The isotope zonations likely formed by interaction of thermal waters with the wall rocks during skarn mineralization. The isotopically light zone indicates a higher paleotemperature or higher water-to-rock ratios, and occurs in the footwall of the 7Gohi fault. This structure is spatially related to the distribution of orebodies, indicating that the fault was the main conduit of the ore-forming fluids. The oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions of limestones vary regularly across limestone bodies hosted by the silicate wall rocks, suggesting that the thermal waters were pervasive throughout the wall rocks at the time of mineralization.An isotopically light zone was also found in the southeastern corner of the study area, where significant mineralization had yet to be identified. This suggested an extension of the extinct hydrothermal system to this area, and the possibility of hidden orebodies underneath. Recent drilling in this area has intercepted a zone 45 m thick with a grade of 13.4% Zn, 0.03% Pb and 8 g per metric ton at about 380 m depth. 相似文献
127.
Vincent Renard Kazuaki Nakamura Jacques Angelier Jacques Azema Jacques Bourgois Christine Deplus Kantaro Fujioka Yozo Hamano Philippe Huchon Hajimu Kinoshita Pierre Labaume Yujiro Ogawa Tetsuzo Seno Akira Takeuchi Manabu Tanahashi Akinori Uchiyama Jean-Louis Vigneresse 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1987,83(1-4)
Leg 2 of the French-Japanese 1984 Kaiko cruise has surveyed the trench triple junction off central Japan, where the Japan, Izu-Bonin and Sagami Trenches intersect. The Izu-Bonin Trench is deeper than the Japan Trench and filled by a thick turbiditic series. Its anomalous depth is explained by the westward retreat of the edge of the northwestward moving Philippine Sea plate. On the contrary to what happens in the Japan Trench, horst and graben structures of the Pacific plate obliquely enters the Izu-Bonin Trench, suggesting that the actual boundary between these two trenches is located to the north of the triple junction. The inner wall of the Izu-Bonin Trench is characterized in the triple junction area by a series of slope basins whose occurrence is related to the dynamics of this area. The northernmost basin is overthrust by the edge of the fore-arc area of the Northeast Japan plate. The plate boundary is hardly discernible further east, which makes it impossible to locate precisely the triple junction itself. These features suggest that large intra-plate deformation occurs there due to the interaction of the plates involved in the triple junction and the weak mechanical strength of the wedge-shaped margin of the overriding plates. 相似文献
128.
A wind-tunnel simulation of the diffusion patterns in a sea breeze has been attempted. No attempt was made to reproduce the recirculation that characterizes a sea breeze, but the results indicate that the low-level onshore flow was well simulated for neutral, stable, unstable, and elevated inversion conditions. Velocity, turbulence, shear stress, and temperature data were taken, and the spread of emissions from ground-level sources was investigated.Comparison is made with theoretical predictions by Inoue and with the open, countryside results of Pasquill. Agreement with the predictions by Inoue is good. The comparison with Pasquill's results shows that the wind-tunnel flows are shifted two categories towards more stable. The discrepancy may be explained as a lack of mesoscale turbulence in the wind-tunnel. 相似文献
129.
Long-term variations of cyclone activities in East Asia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A statistical analysis is made of the temporal and spatial variability of cyclone activities in middle latitudes in East Asia for 52 years during the period from 1934 to 1985.Three principal tracks of cyclones are distinguished in East Asia almost all year around except for the disappearance of the south one in summer.A longer-term variation in frequency of cyclones passing over the Japanese Islands with a period of about 20 years is found, in addition to a shorter-term variation with a period of a few years. A significant decreasing trend in cyclone frequency is noted between the late 1960s to around 1980. 相似文献
130.
Discovery of local topics by using latent spatio-temporal relationships in geo-social media 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kyoung-Sook Kim Isao Kojima Hirotaka Ogawa 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(9):1899-1922
ABSTRACTSocial networks have played a crucial role as information channels for people to understanding their daily lives beyond merely being communication tools. In particular, coupling social networks with geographic location has boosted the worth of social media to not only enable comprehension of the effects of natural phenomena such as global warming and disasters, but also the social patterns of human societies. However, the high rate of social data generation and the large amounts of noisy data makes it difficult to directly apply social media to decision-making processes. This article proposes a new system of analyzing the spatio-temporal patterns of social phenomena in real time and the discovery of local topics based on their latent spatio-temporal relationships. We will first describe a model that represents the local patterns of populations of geo-tagged social media. We will then define a local topic whose keywords share a region in space and time and present a system implementation based on existing open source technologies. We evaluated the model of local topics with several ways of visualization in experiments and demonstrated a certain social pattern from a dataset of daily Twitter streams. The results obtained from experiments revealed certain keywords had a strong spatio-temporal proximity even though they did not occur in the same message. 相似文献