云南省东北部拱王山第四纪冰川遗迹研究

云南省东北部的拱王山海拔３１００ｍ以上的山地发生过第四纪冰川作用，典型的冰川遗迹集中分布在轿子山峰附近和妖精塘－牛洞坪两个地区，遗存的冰川地貌主要有冰斗，冰蚀岩盆和侧碛堤。根据冰川地貌的组合特征，以及它们生成的先后顺序，将拱王山第四纪冰川作用划分为末次冰期的倒数第二期冰期。     

Tectonic Subdivision of Dabie Orogenic Belt,Central China：Evidence from Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Late Mesozoic Basalts

It has long been debated that the Dabie orogenic belt belongs to the North China or Yangtze craton. In recent years, eastern China has been suggested, based on the Pb isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic ore and Mesozoic granitoid K-feldspar (revealing the crust Pb) in combination with Meso-Cenozoic basalts (revealing the mantle Pb), being divided into the North China and Yangtze Pb isotopic provinces, where the crust and mantle of the Yangtze craton are characterized by more radiogenic Pb. In this sense, previous researchers suggested that the pro-EW-trending Dabie crogenic belt with less radiogenic Pb in the crust was part of the North China craton. In this paper, however, the Late Cretaceous basalts in the central and southern parts of the Dabie orogenic belt are characterized by some more radiogenic Pb (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=17.936−18.349,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=15.500−15.688,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb=38.399−38.775) and a unique U-Th-Pb trace element system similar to those of the Yangtze craton, showing that the Mesozoic mantle is of the Yangtze type. In addition, the decoupled Pb isotopic compositions between crust and mantle were considerably derived from their rheological inhomogeneity, implying a complicated evolution of the Dabie orogenic belt. The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49794043) and the Open Laboratory of Constitution, Interaction and Dynamics of the Crust-Mantle System, China.     

内蒙古西部朱拉扎嘎金矿遥感蚀变异常与化探异常对比研究

本文以朱拉扎嘎金矿为例,应用遥感技术,对比分析朱拉扎嘎金矿遥感蚀变异常、化探异常的提取过程和分布特征,认为:1.遥感蚀变异常位于化探异常中心与矿体吻合关系好,可作为找矿标志,应用于化探异常筛选可增加其成矿有力度的判别;2.遥感蚀变异常定位精度高,异常范围小,更接近矿体,应用于化探异常查证可以提高查证效率.该方法技术适合于寻找与热液活动有关的金属矿产,在基岩出露好,植被稀少的干旱地区效果好,建议在我国西北部荒漠景观区开展应用遥感技术评价化探异常的找矿工作.     

成矿元素富集机制的量子地球化学研究——以攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿矿床为例

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿矿床为富集钒、钛、铁等过渡元素的典型岩浆矿床。文章运用量子地球化学的理论和方法研究该矿床的元素组合、分配及变化特征 ,并用量子力学理论的abini tioHartree Fock分子轨道法对钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿晶体结构进行了模拟计算。结果表明 :源于地幔的原始岩浆富集成矿元素 ;在其结晶过程中 ,V ,Ti,Fe等成矿元素再次富集于钛磁铁矿和钛铁矿中而形成矿床 ,这种再富集受晶体结构择位能控制。     

“圣帕”与“桑美”台风成功决策服务对比分析

从台风影响长沙前的气候背景、预报服务背景、预报依据结论、决策服务及效果等方面分析了"圣帕""桑美"影响期间的决策服务情况.结论表明:两个台风影响前气候背景不同,但预报服务背景相似;对长沙造成的影响、决策气象服务的重点不同;把握好当前的气候背景与预报服务背景,做好做准台风预报,是台风决策服务的关键.     

基于Landsat/TM资料研究广州城市热岛现象

利用Landsat/TM卫星资料及气象观测资料,基于覃志豪单窗算法对地表温度进行反演,根据热岛强度定义进行热岛强度、热岛范围的定量计算。研究结果表明,在考虑初始地温、总辐射量、植被状况等因素的影响之后,2000年至2005年间,广州市热岛现象呈现明显增强趋势,2000年11月1日、2002年11月7日、2005年11月23日热岛强度指数分别为1.15、1.20、2.89,热岛面积分别为235.44 km~2、261.09 km~2、381.42 km~2。人口增长刺激城市化加剧、温室效应增强使得地表蓄积热量增加是导致广州城市热岛效应增强的主要原因。     

粤北大宝山多金属矿床成矿流体的He-Ar-Pb-S同位素示踪

大宝山多金属矿床是粤北地区典型的巨厚型及细脉带型矿化的多金属硫化物矿床.层状和脉状黄铁矿的氦氩同位素表明:3He/4He的R/Ra值为0.60～4.13,40Ar/86Ar=327～411,反映该成矿流体是大气饱和水(海水)与地幔流体混合作用的结果.铅和硫同位素都揭示了层状(块状)和脉状矿体可能来自不同时期的成矿流体.其中层状矿体为泥盆纪海底火山喷发沉积作用所致,脉状矿体可能来自燕山期岩浆热液充填叠加形成,古大陆碎屑物质和部分有机质的还原对后期成矿流体具有较大的影响作用.     

Potential promoted productivity and spatial patterns of medium- and low-yield cropland land in China

With a continuously increasing population and better food consumption levels, improving the efficiency of arable land use and increasing its productivity have become fundamental strategies to meet the growing food security needs in China. A spatial distribution map of medium- and low-yield cropland is necessary to implement plans for cropland improvement. In this study, we developed a new method to identify high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data at a spatial resolution of 500 m. The method could be used to reflect the regional heterogeneity of cropland productivity because the classification standard was based on the regionalization of cropping systems in China. The results showed that the proportion of high-, medium-, and low-yield cropland in China was 21%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. About 75% of the low-yield cropland was located in hilly and mountainous areas, and about 53% of the high-yield cropland was located in plain areas. The five provinces with the largest area of high-yield cropland were all located in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and the area amounted to 42% of the national high-yield cropland area. Meanwhile, the proportion of high-yield cropland was lower than 15% in Heilongjiang, Sichuan, and Inner Mongolia, which had the largest area allocated to cropland in China. If all the medium-yield cropland could be improved to the productive level of high-yield cropland and the low-yield cropland could be improved to the level of medium-yield cropland, the total productivity of the land would increase 19% and 24%, respectively.     

准噶尔盆地古隆起的分布与基本特征

准噶尔盆地外侧三大边界动力体系的作用及基底结构的差异性导致准噶尔盆地在不同地质时期发育不同性质的隆起构造。石炭纪晚期东北侧的造山作用形成了盆地北部隆起,晚二叠世北部隆起分异为陆梁隆起与乌伦古坳陷;早二叠世西北侧的造山作用形成了车排子隆起,随后的冲断作用形成了克拉玛依--夏子街断裂带。燕山期的压扭作用形成了沉积盖层中的车排子--莫索湾隆起。新生代北天山向北的冲断作用导致准噶尔盆地南部地区急剧挠曲沉降,盆地向南掀斜,隆起向北迁移。据基底的性质、形成时间、活动方式、地质结构与保存状态等特点将准噶尔盆地的隆起划分为继承型、间断型、掀斜型与冲断带型等4种基本类型。     

燕山地区1.6～1.0Ga时期碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演化及其地质意义

依据实测的燕山地区(1.6～1.0Ga)高于庄组—景儿峪组114个碳、氧同位素数据,研究、讨论了中、新元古界碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演化及其地质意义。研究表明,燕山中、新元古界由下至上的地层序列上,碳、氧同位素表现明显的旋回性演化特征,二者多显正相关关系;δ13C在-3‰～3‰区间低幅、高频振荡;δ18O则表现为-2‰～-8‰的高幅、高频波动;δ13C值的增大与沉积环境由潮间向潮下演变、海平面上升、海水变淡、生物量增多相关;降低的δ13C多代表潮间—潮上环境。高于庄组瘤状灰岩及洪水庄组页岩δ13C为低负值,代表最大海泛期沉积。氧同位素组成和变化指示研究区总体为咸化环境,杨庄组上部和雾迷山组下部古海水盐度最高,之后盐度逐渐降低,至雾迷山组上部又有所升高。研究区与天津蓟县和北京十三陵地区的中、新元古代碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成与演化表现出明显的相似性,反映了它们共同受燕山裂陷槽发育的控制;同时,与北美Belt超群和俄罗斯乌拉尔里菲期碳酸盐岩碳、氧同位素组成、演变的高度协同性,又说明了中、新元古代碳酸盐岩中碳、氧同位素组成、演化响应于全球古海洋背景和地球化学条件。