斜带髭鲷Hapalogenys nitens（Richardson）和横带髭鲷H．mucronatus （Eydoux et Souleyet）的核型

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射肾细胞直接制片法研究青岛近海常见经济鱼类斜带髭鲷和横带髭鲷的核型．得出核型公式前者为：２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ＋３６ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８，后者为２ｎ＝４８，２ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋１４ｓｔ＋２４ｔ，ＮＦ＝５８。斜带钱绸核型中ｔ５和ｔ１６对染色体及横带货绸核型中ｔ７对染色体为具次缢痕的染色体。两种鱼的核型特点符合典型的高位类群鱼类核型特征。     

互花米草总黄酮对小鼠免疫功能的影响

互花米草总黄酮(TFS)是从盐沼植物互花米草中分离得到的一种免疫活性物质。在研究TFS对小鼠免疫功能的影响时发现TFS156.25×10~(-6)ip qd×8导致由环磷酰胺引起的免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺重量增加。TFS154.25×10~(-6)sc qd×5还显著提高C_(57)/BL和昆明小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率和吞噬指数。TFS 3.125,12.5ug/ml在体外可明显促进由ConA诱导的~3H-TdR参入的淋巴细胞转化。     

新型船载气象卫星接收系统

新型船载气象卫星接收系统为南极考察船的航海气象保障和在南大洋冰区中航行导航专门研制.该系统能够适应高温、高湿和低温超饱和的气候环境,在12级以上大风和船在破冰时剧烈摇摆和振动以及有雷达等强磁场信号干扰的情况下,具有自我保护能力.有极轨高分辨和静止低分辨卫星的双套接收和图像处理系统.该系统的关键创新之处:(1)采用了有源陀螺仪稳定平台.利用惯性测量和三轴伺服机构控制天线和隔离船摇.解决极轨卫星低仰角和过顶轨道高仰角跟踪丢线的矛盾,解决了船在运动状态下,不断改变位置、方向以及摇摆的状态下,准确地跟踪和捕捉到卫星,接收到清晰的卫星云图.(2)图像处理系统用了最新的BORLAND-DELPHI语言编程,采用两行元素的轨道模式计算动态定位套网格系统.利用电子地图网格数据,用迭代法画出地形海岸线.计算出每一像元素的位置;能够在图上显示任意一点的经纬度,标出任意目标物.解决了在海洋中航行找不到参照物时的困惑.能够监测云和温度、林火、海洋及陆地的异常变化.能够输出24位真彩色的高清晰度的卫星云图.该系统整体结构技术先进,体积小,重量轻,适应恶劣气候和海洋环境,图像处理系统功能齐全、分辨率高,操作方便.既适用于各种船只,也适用于陆地.     

吸附式制冷单管吸附床传热传质的数值模拟及分析

建立氯化钙—氨吸附式制冷单管吸附床传热传质模型 ,采用数值方法对该模型进行了求解 ,得出不同工况下的温度场 ,讨论了吸附床的有效导热系数、接触热阻、流体传热系数等对解吸量及制冷功率的影响。结果表明 ,提高吸附床导热有效导热系数 ,减小接触热阻可有效地改善吸附床的性能 ,为吸附床的优化设计提供了依据     

长江口区海水中溶解有机碳和颗粒有机碳的分布及变化的研究

长江每年有上千万吨有机物质注入河口邻近海域，影响着这一海域独特的生态环境。 本文根据1985年8月至1986年5月专业调查资料,论述了长江口邻近海域溶解有机碳(DOC)和颗粒有机碳(POC)的分布及变化，并从有机物质的变化推测三峡工程对河口海生态系的影响。     

An experimenal analysis for the impact of 2D variation assimilation of satellite data on typhoon track simulation

A series of test simulations are performed to evaluate the impact of satellite-derived meteorological data on numerical typhoon track prediction. Geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS-5) and NOAA‘s TIROS operational vertical sounder (TOVS) observations are used in the experiments. A twodimensional variation assimilation scheme is developed to assimilate the satellite data directly into the Penn State-NCAR nonhydrostatic meteorological model (MM5). Three-dimensional objective analyses fields based on T213 results and routine observations are employed as the background fields of the initialization. The comparisons of the simulated typhoon tracks are also carried out, which correspond respectively to the initialization scheme with two-dimensional variation (2D- Var), three-dimensional observational nudging and direct assimilation of satellite data. It is found that, comparing with the experiments without satellite data assimilation, the first two assimilation schemes lead to significant improvements on typhoon track prediction. Track errors reduce by 18% at 12 h for 2D- Var and from about 16% at 24 h to about 35% at 48 h for observational nudging. The simulated results based on assimilating different kinds of satellite data are also compared.     

Millisecond radio spikes on long centimetre and short decimetre wavelengths and occurrence frequency

High time-resolution data observed in two periods, respectively, by three frequencies (1.42, 2.84, and 3.67 GHz) or four frequencies (1.42, 2.00, 2.84, and 4.00 GHz) of fast sampling radiotelescopes were processed. Obtained were some significant results showing that during the obviously rising or maximum phases of solar cycle 22, the occurrence frequency of millisecond radio spikes at three or four frequencies decreased with the frequency increase and the highest occurrence frequency was at 1.42 GHz. If we assume the secondx-mode is pre-dominant in the growth rate of ECM instability, we calculate the magnetic intensity of source regions with spike bursts at the four frequencies and interpret the occurrence frequency of millisecond radio spikes on long centimetre and short decimetre wavelengths. Finally, this paper suggests that, owing to the Razing effect, whenf126 MHz the occurrence frequency of millisecond radio spikes starts to decrease.     

A new approach of dynamic monitoring of 5‐day snow cover extent and snow depth based on MODIS and AMSR‐E data from Northern Xinjiang region

Taking the Northern Xinjiang region as an example, we develop a snow depth model by using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐Earth Observing System (AMSR‐E) horizontal and vertical polarization brightness temperature difference data of 18 and 36 GHz bands and in situ snow depth measurements from 20 climatic stations during the snow seasons November–March) of 2002–2005. This article proposes a method to produce new 5‐day snow cover and snow depth images, using Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily snow cover products and AMSR‐E snow water equivalent and daily brightness temperature products. The results indicate that (1) the brightness temperature difference (Tb_18h–Tb_36h) provides the most accurate and precise prediction of snow depth; (2) the snow, land and overall classification accuracies of the new images are separately 89.2%, 77.7% and 87.2% and are much better than those of AMSR‐E or MODIS products (in all weather conditions) alone; (3) the snow classification accuracy increases as snow depth increases; and (4) snow accuracies for different land cover types vary as 88%, 92.3%, 79.7% and 80.1% for cropland, grassland, shrub, and urban and built‐up, respectively. We conclude that the new 5‐day snow cover–snow depth images can provide both accurate cloud‐free snow cover extent and the snow depth dynamics, which would lay a scientific basis for water management and prevention of snow‐related disasters in this dry and cold pastoral area. After validations of the algorithms over other regions with different snow and climate conditions, this method would also be used for monitoring snow cover and snow depth elsewhere in the world. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparison of temporal properties of short and long gamma-ray bursts

In this paper, we have performed a temporal analysis of single pulses from short (46) and long (51) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) to investigate possible differences in their properties. In particular we pay detailed attention to the asymmetry of pulses. We find that the asymmetry ratio of short GRB pulses clusters around 0.81 and that these pulses are on average more symmetric than those from long GRBs, which have an average value of 0.47. In addition we note that the pulses in short GRBs display exponential rises and fast decays (ERFD) in comparison the fast rise exponential decays (FRED) pulses of long GRBs. The asymmetry ratio does not depend on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and does not vary with energy channel. Moreover, there is a general trend for slower pulses to be more asymmetric. Finally, we deduce that the asymmetry could be used to probe the emission mechanisms of GRBs.     

First report of eclogites from central Tibet,China: evidence for ultradeep continental subduction prior to the Cenozoic India‐Asian collision

Eclogites characterized by a garnet + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + sanidine + rutile assemblage are reported for the first time in the eastern Bangong suture, central Tibet (China). Garnet and sanidine are exsolved from clinopyroxene. Al‐exchange barometer for orthopyroxene and garnet and K concentrations in clinopyroxene indicate a peak pressure of ～4 GPa. The occurrence of these ultrahigh‐pressure rocks implies the subduction of continental crust to a depth of >130 km along the eastern Bangong suture zone during the Early Jurassic. The denudation of these ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic rocks could have provided a significant source for the Jurassic turbidites in the western Bangong ocean basin.