两种杜氏藻对硝酸盐利用模型的比较研究

研究了NaNO3对两种杜氏藻Dunaliella salina和Dunaliella parva生长速度、色素积累的影响和NaNO3的吸收规律,结果表明,NaNO3浓度为1.5mmol/L时,D.salina生长最快,最高密度76.4×104cell/mL;对照组为16.3×104cell/mL;低氮有利于D.salinaβ-胡萝卜素积累,β-胡萝卜素最大值105mg/g出现在0.5mmol/L NaNO3的样中,对照组为45mg/g;较高的NaNO3有利于叶绿素a的合成;藻液pH值开始3-5d急剧上升,后在波动中下降。对D.parva来说,NaNO3浓度为2.5mmol/L时生长最快,细胞最高密度为295×104cell/mL,对照组为15×104cell/mL;在实验范围内,NaNO3浓度越高,β-胡萝卜素含量越高,β-胡萝卜素最大值为37.5mg/g,叶绿素最大值为65mg/g;建立了两种杜氏藻对NaNO3利用的动力学方程。     

中国速报震级与国际通用震级的初步对比分析

本文主要利用１９８６－１９８７两年速报震级资料，统计分析了中国地震速报台网确定震级的精度，全国各速报台相对中国地震速报台网测定震级的偏差。同时统计分析了中国地震速报台网相对中国地震台临时报告、美国地质调查所震中初定报告ＰＤＥ和国际地震中心ＩＳＣ报告震级的偏差，并对所得结果进行了初步分析。     

基于VIIRS数据的中国东部气溶胶光学厚度反演算法改进

VⅡRS（Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite）作为MODIS（The MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）的后继传感器,可在全球范围内实现对气溶胶的连续时空监测.卫星反演的气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD）是研究地球能量收支平衡、气候效应和空气质量的重要大气参数.但在中国重污染天气情况下,现有的VⅡRS陆地气溶胶产品存在一定不足.因此,本研究改进云识别方法,优化像元筛选,约束气溶胶类型选择,实现重污染情况下AOD的反演.基于地基AERONET（AErosol RObotic NETwork）的验证结果表明,相比NOAA（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration）产品,改进后的反演结果克服了反演值偏低的问题,且表现出更好的相关性,RMSE从0.236下降到0.219.为验证在重污染条件下改进算法的适用性和准确性,本文对比了两种污染条件下的反演结果（0.6 < AOD_AERONET < 1和AOD_AERONET > 1）.统计结果表明,在较重污染天气条件下（AOD_AERONET>1）,相比NOAA的AOD产品,本文结果的反演率从32.3%提升为68.8%,回归分析的斜率提高为0.80,相关系数达到0.76,均方根误差为0.307,在增加反演量的同时保证了反演的精度.

     

消油剂和120#燃料油对海胆DNA损伤及甲基化影响

利用120#燃料油分散液和消油剂处理的乳化液测定海胆急性毒性和慢性DNA损伤及全基因组甲基化水平变化,确定消油剂处理的120#燃料油对海胆的毒性影响。结果表明:消油剂单独使用对海胆的影响微乎其微,经消油剂处理的燃料油乳化液中的多环芳烃质量浓度明显高于分散液中的质量浓度;乳化液和分散液对海胆都有明显的毒性作用,其96h半数效应浓度(EC50)值分别为12.03g/L和29.15g/L;DNA损伤研究表明,乳化液处理的海胆肠细胞彗星拖尾情况比同质量浓度分散液中拖尾情况更加严重;全基因组甲基化水平比分散液中更低,表明乳化液的急性毒性更大,所造成的DNA损伤更加严重。结果提示消油剂的使用会增大燃料油对海胆的毒性效应。     

临近空间伪卫星区域独立组网布局研究

当前临近空间技术是人们研究的热点,在临近空间建立伪卫星区域独立组网系统可以满足地面导航定位的需求.本文分析了卫星精度因子的计算方法,提出基于经验的伪卫星区域优化布局搜索算法,找到一种最优的临近空间伪卫星区域独立组网布局,利用MATLAB进行仿真.与其他几种相同高度的伪卫星布局做仿真比较,结果显示,本文提出的伪卫星布局的DOP值较小,并给出了一些重要的结论.     

附有病态等式约束反演问题的联合岭估计

基于非等精度观测探讨了附有病态等式约束的反演问题;针对模型中的系数矩阵和约束矩阵同时存在病态性的情况,提出了联合岭估计,并推导了岭参数的确定方法.理论分析和实验结果均表明,联合岭估计不仅能够消除约束矩阵病态的不良影响,而且能较好地克服主模型系数矩阵病态和约束矩阵病态同时存在而产生的不稳定性,具有良好的性质.     

利用航空伽马能谱数据进行铀成矿预测——以皖南夏林一带为例

航空伽马能谱测量可以快速获得研究区内放射性元素含量特征。笔者利用皖南宣城地区的1:5万航空伽马能谱数据,分析了夏林一带的放射性元素分布特征、铀元素迁移富集规律等,结合地质条件,推断研究区内震旦系-寒武系碳质地层是铀源层和含矿层,有碳硅泥岩型铀矿找矿潜力。结合航空伽马能谱数据,认为铀高和铀高钍低是最直接的铀矿找矿线索。另外,推断区内3处侵入岩尤其是北部刘村岩体内有花岗岩型铀矿找矿潜力。     

Quantification of Water Content and Speciation in Synthetic Rhyolitic Glasses: Optimising the Analytical Method of Confocal Raman Spectrometry

Quantification of water content in silicate glasses is of vital significance in understanding magma evolution and metamorphic anataxis. Here we provide a method for the determination of total dissolved water content and water speciation in silicate melts by confocal laser Raman spectrometry based on a set of hydrous rhyolitic glasses. A series of alumino-silicate glasses with water contents from 0.33 to 9.05% m/m were synthesised in a piston cylinder apparatus. Synchrotron-FTIR mapping shows that these glasses have relatively homogeneous distributions of dissolved water. Total water contents of the glasses were precisely measured by TC/EA-MS and FTIR. Both external and internal calibration were established for the quantitative analysis of water content and water speciation in the silicate glasses based on excellent linear correlation between total dissolved water content and integrated area of the water Raman band. Furthermore, by decomposing the total water Raman bands into four Gaussians components, the relative concentration of water speciation (OH groups and molecules H₂O_m) dissolved in the glasses was determined with a similar trend to water speciation data derived from FTIR. We suggest that the relative concentration of water speciation can be estimated in rhyolitic glasses with 4–8% m/m H₂O. Our work provides an accurate method to determine total water content and a potential tool to limit the relative concentration of water speciation dissolved in silicic glasses.     

Responses of runoff to climate change and human activities in the Ebinur Lake Catchment,western China

Based on hydrological and climatic data covering the period from 1961 to 2008, this paper studies the hydrological responses to climate change and to human activities in the Ebinur Lake Catchment. The results show that the annual runoff of three rivers in Ebinur Lake Catchment exhibited different change trends. Specifically, in Jinghe River and Kuytun River exhibited a slightly increasing trend, but an adverse trend in Bortala River, and the variation trend has been the most dramatic since the mid-1990s. The observed variation in the runoff was resulted from the elevated alpine precipitation, rather than rising temperature, and that precipitation is a major factor for runoff generation. The runoff CAR model proposed by this paper can be used to predict the annual runoff in three rivers, and demonstrated annual runoff in Bortala River and Jinghe River will display an increased trend, while a less decreasing trend in Kuytun River under the climate change scenarios of warm-humid variation. In addition, the exploitation of the area of cultivated land led to more water resources consumption, primarily for agriculture irrigation, is the cause of the persistently ecoenvironment degradation, which have reached in a critical state thus, a more pressing concern is the development a scientifically reasonable and administratively practical water resource management scheme.     

Investigating slow-moving landslides in the Zhouqu region of China using InSAR time series

In the Zhouqu region (Gansu, China), landslide distribution and activity exploits geological weaknesses in the fault-controlled belt of low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Bailong valley and severely impacts lives and livelihoods in this region. Landslides reactivated by the Wenchuan 2008 earthquake and debris flows triggered by rainfall, such as the 2010 Zhouqu debris flow, have caused more than 1700 casualties and estimated economic losses of some US$0.4 billion. Earthflows presently cover some 79% of the total landslide area and have exerted a strong influence on landscape dynamics and evolution in this region. In this study, we use multi-temporal Advanced Land Observing Satellite and Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) data and time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar to investigate slow-moving landslides in a mountainous region with steep topography for the period December 2007–August 2010 using the Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) technique. This enabled the identification of 11 active earthflows, 19 active landslides with deformation rates exceeding 100 mm/year and 20 new instabilities added into the pre-existing landslide inventory map. The activity of these earthflows and landslides exhibits seasonal variations and accelerated deformation following the Wenchuan earthquake. Time series analysis of the Suoertou earthflow reveals that seasonal velocity changes are characterized by comparatively rapid acceleration and gradual deceleration with distinct kinematic zones with different mean velocities, although velocity changes appear to occur synchronously along the landslide body over seasonal timescales. The observations suggest that the post-seismic effects (acceleration period) on landslide deformation last some 6–7 months.