飑线结构和强度对低层湿度和环境垂直风切变的敏感性研究

利用数值模式WRF进行二维飑线理想数值试验。通过改变初始场低层湿度和低层环境垂直风切变探讨了初始环境场对飑线在触发阶段与发展初期结构和强度的影响。低层湿度试验表明,增加低层湿度有利于初始启动阶段对流的发生从而使对流系统强度更强;飑线强度增加,对流上升运动增强,更有利于冷池前沿激发出新生对流单体,系统发展更快;同时激发更多降水,冷池强度增强。低层环境垂直风切变试验表明,在飑线触发阶段,更强的环境垂直风切变使对流主体前倾趋势更大,对对流的触发有阻碍作用;冷池和环境垂直风切变的相互作用被认为是飑线发展的重要机制,基于RKW理论,在飑线发展初期,近地面冷池相对较弱,在更弱的环境垂直风切变作用下更容易使对流结构呈直立状态从而产生更强和更深的上升运动,飑线强度增强。     

Soil moisture retrieving using hyperspectral data with the application of wavelet analysis

As a powerful tool, the wavelet transform method has been widely used in feature extraction for hyperspectral data, while few studies are focused on soil moisture retrieving. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for soil moisture retrieving. In this study, a total of 78 measurements of soil moisture and hyperspectral data were collected through soil sampling as well as laboratory quantitative control. There were 13 different mother wavelets capable of decomposing hyperspectral data that were recommended, along with six decomposition levels from 5 to 10. The performances of two feature extraction methods namely band selection and DWT were compared, using three indexes, i.e., R ², R _adj and root mean square error (RMSE) introduced to validate soil moisture retrieving results. The experimental results indicated that the wavelet transform method could significantly reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral data, resulting in a much more effective performance. Among the 78 estimation models using the wavelet transform, there were 42 models superior to band selection, with 24 models yielding good correlations between the predicted soil moisture and the measured ones (R ² ≥ 0.7, RMSE ≤ 0.050, p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, when the wavelet decomposition level was 9 and the mother wavelets were Daubechies 2, Daubechies 4, Reserve Biorthogonal 3.3 and Biorthogonal 6.8, the retrieving results were optimum. Additionally, the experimental results proved that the wavelet analysis technique was capable of preserving high- and low-frequency spectral information at different decomposition scales, and could correctly reflect the variation of soil moisture. Thus, it would be helpful in further environmental monitoring.     

Bioclogging in porous media under continuous-flow condition

Bioclogging extensively exists in porous media, such as permeable reactive barrier, constructed wetland, reverse osmosis, and biofilter systems. Microorganisms overproduce and affect the efficiency of sewage treatment. In this paper, variations in biochemical and hydraulic parameters during the clogging process were obtained using various column experiments. The hydraulic conductivity first decreased sharply to 18.32 % of the original value at the 12th day and decreased to 2.71 % at the end of the experiment, a reduction of more than an order of magnitude. The hydrodynamic dispersion had the highest increase at 7.13 times the initial value and ultimately decreased to 29 %. The porosity decreased to 47.24 % of the initial value, and the total bacterial count in the inlet of the column increased from 3.4 × 10⁶ to 8.8 × 10⁸ cells/mL. Based on the biochemical and hydraulic parameter variation, the clogging process can be divided into four stages: (1) severe clogging occurs, and aerobic microorganisms reproduce rapidly in the inlet; (2) clogging exists in the entire column, and hydrodynamic dispersion increases sharply as aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms reproduce; (3) anaerobic microorganisms reproduce rapidly and produce more gas, and hydrodynamic dispersion decreases quickly; (4) aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms multiply continuously, and hydrodynamic dispersion, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity decrease steadily. Bioclogging then transforms into a steady stage.     

长江黄河流域上中下游汛期重旱涝的气候特征

为了揭示长江，黄河流域汛期（6-8月）重旱涝的气候特征，首先采用墨西哥帽小波对长江，黄河流域1951-1999年汛期的降雨资料作分析，得到了两流域汛期降雨量的年际变化趋势；其次将长江流域划分为三段（上游、中游、下游段），黄河流域分为两段（上中游、下游段），以各游段逐月的平均降水量（R）为基准，计算降雨量距平面分率，从而得到逐游段，逐月49年来的重旱涝的时序资料；最后分析该时序资料，得到两流域上中下游汛期重旱涝的时空分布，其结果深化了我们对重旱涝的认识。     

黄海鱼类食物网的研究

于1985年3月—1986年10月和1988年5月间,对黄海海域40科69属80种鱼的食性及其相互关系进行了较系统地调查、分析。结果表明:1.黄海鱼类饵料分为4个生态类型;2.黄海鱼类摄食有明显的季节变化;3.黄海鱼类基本属于第二—第四营养级;4.日本鳀、脊尾褐虾、太平洋磷虾等优势饵料生物在黄海鱼类食物网中起着举足轻重的作用;5.黄海多数鱼类间的食物竞争关系基本是协调的。     

Study of fouling organisms at Tuoji Island in the Bohai Channel

From June 1984 to May 1985, monthly and seasonal panel tests of fouling organisms were carried out on rafts at Tuoji Island. Seventy - three species were obtained. The occurring frequencies of the following species are all at least 30%: Ectocarpus confervoides, Polysiphonia urceolata, Tubularia mesembryanthmum, Cfytia edwardsi, Tubulipora pulchra, Celleporella hyalina, Mytilus edulis, Hiatella arctica, Caprella acanthogaster, Corophium crassicome, Jassa cf.falcata and Podocerus cf . inconspicuus. Large or calcareous species are not dominant ones. The wet weight is comparatively light, the yearly wet weight being 9.12 kg m-2. Attaching seasons of major species are from June to October and no bio - attachment occurs between January and April. Fouling organisms at Tuoji Island differ rather greatly from those in the harbours along the continental coast, showing the charcteristics of fouling organisms in the northern island harbours of China.     

In-flight performance analysis of the navigation augmentation payload on LEO communication satellite:a preliminary study on WT01 mission

With the development of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) communication constellations, it has become a hot area of research to provide additional navigation augmentati...     

Factors affecting lipid and fatty acid composition of Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in spring

The factors affecting lipid and fatty acid composition of copepod Calanus sinicus in the Yellow Sea (YS) and the East China Sea (ECS) were examined in this stud...     

Measurements of 460 GHz Atmospheric Opacity at Yangbajing Observational Station†

In order to assess the submillimeter wave observational conditions of Yangbajin, a Portable Submillimeter Telescope (POST) is used to measure the zenith atmospheric opacity at 460 GHz from November 2008 to December 2008. The results show that the quartiles of atmospheric opacity during the observing time at 460 GHz at Yangbajin Observatory is 1.25, 1.42 and 1.63, and the time proportion of atmospheric opacity less than 1 is about 3.4%. At last, the submillimeter wave site conditions of Yangbajin with those of other submillimeter observatories in the world are compared, and the possible causes that may influence the submillimeter atmospheric opacity are explored.     

2021年漾濞MS6.4地震在云南地区流体测项的同震变化

1 研究背景 同震变化和震后效应来自震源区域发生的物理或化学变化,可为震后趋势研判提供重要的科学依据.杨竹转等(2005,2008,2014)研究发现,云南思茅大寨井水位同震阶变与地震之间存在一定的定量关系;2008年汶川MS 8.0地震在中国大陆地区引起的水位、水温同震变化特征机理较复杂;在2013年芦山地震中,重庆的荣昌华江井、北碚柳荫井和四川的泸沽湖井的水位同震变化与同震体应变不一致,表现出与日本、苏门答腊地震时相似的同震变化特征.因此,有必要深入研究不同区域构造不同地震的同震变化.基于此,本文就2021年5月21日漾濞MS 6.4地震在云南地区流体测项的同震变化进行初步研究.