岩溶地区生态环境敏感度评价研究——以乌江流域为例

岩溶地区作为一个独特的地域环境单元,具有环境承载量低、地表崎岖破碎、植被生长困难、生态系统脆弱、环境变化敏感的特点。本文以岩溶地貌极为发育的乌江流域为例,论述了岩溶地区生态环境敏感度评价的原则,探讨了敏感度评价的方法,通过分析人类活动与生态环境变化之间的关系,初步建立起了岩溶地区生态环境敏感度评价的指标体系。并在此基础上,利用层次分析法确定了不同影响因子（评价指标）对生态环境敏感度的权重,并据此计算出了流域内各县（市、区）的生态环境敏感度值,为流域的开发与治理提供依据      

青藏高原东北缘地震断层的研究

青藏高原东北缘新构造运动强烈,地震活动频繁。调查资料表明,伴随每次大地震的发生,都将产生规模不等的地震断层。本文研究了该区地震断层的分布规律、类型以及与先存断裂的关系等,同时对研究区不同地段的地壳稳定性进行了初步评价。      

Impacts of headcut height on flow energy,sediment yield and surface landform during bank gully erosion processes in the Yuanmou Dry‐hot Valley region,southwest China

To quantify the changes in flow energy, sediment yield and surface landform impacted by headcut height during bank gully erosion, five experimental platforms were constructed with different headcut heights ranging from 25 to 125 cm within an in situ active bank gully head. A series of scouring experiments were conducted under concentrated flow and the changes in flow energy, sediment yield and surface landform were observed. The results showed that great energy consumption occurred at gully head compared to the upstream area and gully bed. The flow energy consumption at gully heads and their contribution rates increased significantly with headcut height. Gully headcuts also contributed more sediment yield than the upstream area. The mean sediment concentrations at the outlet of plots were 2.3 to 7.3 times greater than those at the end of upstream area. Soil loss volume at gully heads and their contribution rates also increased with headcut height significantly. Furthermore, as headcut height increased, the retreat distance of gully heads increased, which was 1.7 to 8.9 times and 1.1 to 3.2 times greater than the incision depth of upstream area and gully beds. Positive correlations were found between energy consumption and soil loss, indicating that energy consumption could be used to estimate soil loss of headcut erosion. Headcut height had a significant impact on flow energy consumption, and thus influenced the changes in sediment yield and landform during the process of gully headcut erosion. Headcut height was one of the important factors for gully erosion control in this region. Further studies are needed to identify the role of headcut height under a wide condition. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Model updating for real time dynamic substructures based on UKF algorithm

Combining the advantages of numerical simulation with experimental testing, real-time dynamic substructure (RTDS) testing provides a new experimental method for the investigation of engineered structures. However, not all unmodeled parts can be physically tested, as testing is often limited by the capacity of the test facility. Model updating is a good option to improve the modeling accuracy for numerical substructures in RTDS. In this study, a model updating method is introduced, which has great performance in describing this nonlinearity. In order to determine the optimal parameters in this model, an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF)-based algorithm was applied to extract the knowledge contained in the sensors data. All the parameters that need to be identified are listed as the extended state variables, and the identification was achieved via the step-by-step state prediction and state update process. Effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through a group of experimental data, and results showed good agreement. Furthermore, the proposed method was compared with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)-based method, and better accuracy was easily found. The proposed parameter identification method has great applicability for structural objects with nonlinear behaviors and could be extended to research in other engineering fields.     

甘肃岷县漳县MS6.6地震前后岷县植被覆盖度动态变化

利用Landsat8遥感影像数据,应用像元二分模型估算了岷县植被覆盖度,分析了岷县漳县地震前后岷县植被覆盖度动态变化,并结合高程和坡度数据,研究了地形因素对植被受损和恢复的影响,结果表明:3个时段岷县植被覆盖度以中高和高植被覆盖度为主,反映出研究区植被覆盖状况良好。①空间分布上来看,中高和高植被覆盖度主要分布在岷县西南和东南部的高海拔地区,低植被覆盖区由岷县县城所在地向西北方向两侧沿居民地延展;②2013-2014年平均植被覆盖度下降了0.09,受损面积达到96.53%,主要为高植被覆盖度植被受损,植被受损在高程上主要分布在2 344~3 283 m,坡度5°~35°范围是植被受损的主要区域;③2014-2017年平均植被覆盖度回升至0.43,恢复面积达2 901.93 km^2,以高植被覆盖度植被恢复为主,其次为低植被覆盖度;植被恢复在高程2 031~2 970 m,呈增长趋势,随后开始下降,在坡度0°~25°范围内植被恢复面积呈增加趋势,随后降低。     

基于经验参考场地的广义线性反演方法

为了克服广义线性反演方法（GIT）中理想的参考场地难以找到的局限性,本文将四分之一波长法计算的平均场地放大系数和谱衰减法计算的高频衰减参数作为GIT方法的经验参考场地（ERS）。以2008年5月至8月间28个强震动台站记录的95个汶川8.0级地震余震的615组强震动记录为例,通过与其他方法的比较,验证了ERS-GIT的合理性,并讨论了各类方法之间差异的原因。结果显示,ERS-GIT方法、传统GIT方法和非参数化GIT方法计算得到的平均应力降依次为1.15 MPa,0.78 MPa和0.52 MPa;ERS-GIT方法和传统GIT方法得到的品质因子分别为Q（f）=75.02f^1.27和Q（f）=65.56f^1.22。以场地的卓越频率为分界,ERS-GIT方法得到的局部场地响应在长周期和高频部分分别与H/V谱比法和传统GIT方法更为接近。     

基于FusionCompute的地震行业网私有云平台部署与实现

针对传统地震数据机房存在业务扩展成本高且周期长、维护繁琐、无法保障重要业务系统的无故障连续运作等问题,采用虚拟化云计算技术,实现地震行业网的私有云服务。华为FusionCompute云服务系统将主机、存储等物理资源虚拟化,并整合为统一资源,供多个虚拟机使用,行业专网内运维人员通过用户接口远程访问云平台,在虚拟机上可快速、高效地按需搭建业务系统。地震私有云平台不仅减少业务扩展运营期间的设备采购、系统搭建、运行维护等人力和物力投入,且通过FusionCompute的迁移技术,实现业务系统的"零宕机"服务。     

Design of transverse reinforcement to avoid premature buckling of main bars

This paper proposes an enhancement to the current strength and confinement‐based design of transverse reinforcement in rectangular and circular reinforced concrete members to ensure that the flexural strength of reinforced concrete sections does not degrade excessively due to buckling of longitudinal bars until the desired level of plastic deformation is achieved. Antibuckling design criteria are developed based on a popular bar buckling model that uses a bar buckling parameter (combining the bar diameter, yield strength, and buckling length) to solely describe the bar buckling behavior. The value of buckling parameter that limits the buckling‐induced stress loss to 15% in compression bars at the strain corresponding to the design ductility is determined. For a bar of known diameter and yield strength, the maximum allowable buckling length can then be determined, which serves as the maximum limit for the tie/stirrup/hoop spacing. Lateral stiffness required to restrain the buckling tendency of main bars at the locations of the ties/stirrups/hoops depends on the flexural rigidity of the main bars and the buckling length (equal to or multiple of tie/hoop/stirrup spacing), whereas the antibuckling stiffness (ie, resistance) provided by the ties/stirrups/hoops depends on their size, number, and arrangement. Using the above concept, design recommendations for the amount, arrangement, and spacing of rectangular and circular ties/stirrups/hoops are then established to ensure that the antibuckling stiffness of the provided transverse reinforcement is greater than the stiffness required to restrain the buckling‐prone main bars. Key aspects of the developed method are verified using experimental tests from literature.     

集宁地电观测系统故障检查及处理

对集宁2017年4月1日-5月31日地电阻率原始观测数据曲线常规分析发现,NS、EW测道数值差异明显,采用电测深曲线进行对比分析,发现2测道电阻率数值基本一致。在同场范围内,地电阻率与电测深曲线应同步变化。对集宁地电阻率布极区、观测环境、观测系统、装置系统进行系列检查、测试,发现NS测道导线线芯与导线铠导通,导线铠与避雷箱箱体接触导致线路漏电,造成数值出现误差。通过对外线路以及电极引线等进行优化改造,集宁地电阻率观测数据恢复正常。     

内蒙古测震台网台站布局对地震定位的影响

选取2009年1月至2016年5月内蒙古中西部及邻区55次M ≥ 3.0地震,通过调整台站空隙角、近台距离、远台距离、定位台站数,改变并对比定位子台网布局对地震定位精度的影响,进而研究定位子台网的选取规则。分区域探讨2种台站分布模式下地震的定位偏差、水平误差、拟合残差随空隙角、近台距离、远台距离、台站分布均匀度的变化及水平误差和定位偏差与拟合残差的关系。分析发现,地震速报选取9-12个台站,且台站分布相对合理的定位子台网参与定位,结果较好,使用水平误差评估定位效果更准确。