Pb distribution and translocation in Jiaozhou Bay

The trends of distribution, translocation and seasonal change of heavy metal Pb were studied based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1979, and compared with those in 1990＇s. The results showed that the source of Pb in the bay was from wastewater and sewage in the east of Jiaozhou Bay from ocean vessels. Pb concentration was higher in spring and lower in summer and autumn, and remained stable through sedimentation in the bottom layer. The overall water quality was good in 1970＇s. Compared with the environmental monitoring data of 1995-1999, Pb pollution had become serious. Therefore, more efforts should be made to protect the bay from Pb pollution.     

Optimum temperature for the growth performance of juvenile orange-spotted grouper （Epinephelus coioides H.）

Effects of water temperature （17, 21, 25, 30 and 35℃） and body size （14.75-281.41 g initial body weight） on food consumption, growth, feed conversion, and dry matter content in orange-spotted grouper fed to satiation were investigated. The combined effect of temperature （T, ℃） and body weight （W, g） on maximum food consumption （Cmax, g/day） was described as： InCmax=-7.411＋0.828 InW＋0.317T4）.004 7T2, and the optimum feeding temperature was 33.9℃. The combined effect of temperature and body weight on growth （G） was described as： lnG=-4.461-0.2081nW＋0.394T-0.006 3T^2. The optimum growth temperature was 31.4℃, whereas overall growth rates were high at 25, 30 and 35 ℃. Feed conversion efficiencies （FCE, %）, increasing first and then decreasing with increasing temperature, averaged from 1.8 to 2.1 in terms of dry weight of food fish. The optimum temperature for FCE tended to be lower than that for growth or feeding. Dry matter content increased with both increasing water temperature （17, 25, 30 and 35℃） and body weight, and the combined effect of temperature and body weight on dry matter content （DM, %） was described as： lnDM =3.232＋0.01 4 lnW-0.004 4T＋0.001 2TInW.     

Uncertainty representation of ocean fronts based on fuzzy-rough set theory

Analysis of ocean fronts' uncertainties indicates that they result from indiseemibility of their spatial position and fuzzi-ness of their intensity. In view of this, a flow hierarchy for uncertainty representation of ocean fronts is proposed on the basis of fuzzy-rough set theory. Firstly, raster scanning and blurring are carried out on an ocean front, and the upper and lower approximate sets, the indiscernible relation in fuzzy-rough theories and related operators in fuzzy set theories are adopted to represent its uncer-tainties, then they are classified into three sets: with members one hundred pereent belonging to the ocean front, belonging to the ocean front's edge and definitely not belonging to the ocean front. Finally, the approximate precision and roughness degree are util-ized to evaluate the ocean front's degree of uncertainties and the precision of the representation. It has been proven that the method is not only capable of representing ocean fronts' uncertainties, but also provides a new theory and method for uncertainty representation of other oceanic phenomena.     

中国人海经济系统环境适应性演化及预警

基于敏感性-稳定性-响应3维要素构建指标体系,运用熵值法和ARIMA-BP组合预测模型研究中国人海经济系统环境适应性的演化及预警。结果表明：① 2001~2016年中国人海经济系统环境适应性呈稳定上升态势,总体集中于中警状态,期间经历了“人海环境系统比较优势阶段→耦合协调阶段→人海经济系统比较优势阶段”的双螺旋适应过程,预计2017~2020年再次进入相互契合的轻警状态;② 16 a间中国人海经济系统环境适应性波动存在上升期短-衰退期长现象,预计未来4 a人海经济系统环境适应性在经济下行和生态约束背景下的速率不容乐观;③ 权衡人海经济系统和人海环境系统的关系,追求总体效益最大化,延长适应性周期波动中扩张期活动,差别化和灵活性的适应行为是未来主要排警对策。     

2003-2016年北极净初级生产力时空变化

The area of Arctic sea ice has dramatically decreased, and the length of the open water season has increased;these patterns have been observed by satellite remote sensing since the 1970 s. In this paper, we calculate the net primary productivity(NPP, calculated by carbon) from 2003 to 2016 based on sea ice concentration products,chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentration, photosynthetically active radiation(PAR), sea surface temperature(SST), and sunshine duration data. We then analyse the spatiotemporal changes in the Chl a concentration and NPP and further investigate the relations among NPP, the open water area, and the length of the open water season. The results indicate that(1) the Chl a concentration increased by 0.025 mg/m~3 per year;(2) the NPP increased by 4.29 mg/(m~2·d) per year, reaching a maximum of 525.74 mg/(m~2·d) in 2016; and(3) the Arctic open water area increased by 57.23×10~3 km~2/a, with a growth rate of 1.53 d/a for the length of the open water season. The annual NPP was significantly positively related to the open water area, the length of the open water season and the SST.The daily NPP was also found to have a lag correlation with the open water area, with a lag time of two months.With global warming, NPP has maintained an increasing trend, with the most significant increase occurring in the Kara Sea. In summary, this study provides a macroscopic understanding of the distribution of phytoplankton in the Arctic, which is valuable information for the evaluation and management of marine ecological environments.     

基于DEA-TOBIT模型的我国港口业 上市公司经营效率研究

文章利用DEA-TOBIT两阶段法,对我国17家港口业上市公司2011—2016年经营效率及影响因素进行了测算和分析,并运用Malmquist指数对我国港口业上市公司的经营效率变化进行动态分析。研究结果表明:从静态效率分析,17家港口上市公司综合效率值相对较高,但维持在产出不变的情况下,港口公司投入仍有相对的节能空间;从动态效率上看,在研究期内17家港口上市公司的全要素生产率总体呈下降趋势,技术水平下降和规模效率的降低是造成全要素生产率降低的主要原因;从效率影响因素研究来看,总资产周转率、资产收益率、股权集中度和上市时间与港口经营效率呈正相关,企业的资产负债率对港口经营效率呈负向影响,企业的规模大小对港口经营效率的影响不明显。最后,根据实证结果,提出了科学合理的融资渠道组合,提高港口企业资产周转率;不断提升企业自身管理水平,科学控制企业规模;积极把握时代发展需求,加大企业技术创新,实现港口创新型驱动发展;大力建设港口组合,合作共享,协调发展等对策建议。     

自然资源管理改革基本逻辑下海洋自然资源 年度利用计划的思考

重构自然资源管理体系的重点并不在于直接干预和调整资源配置的结果,而在于优化重塑自然资源配置制度和手段。自然资源管理改革在机构方面基本实现了"两统一",并在海域管理方面取消了过去的围填海年度计划。文章以此为背景,梳理了自然资源管理制度重构的基本逻辑,以围填海为例解析了自然资源管理模式调整思路。基于以上提出海洋自然资源利用年度计划的初步构想,包括将海洋自然资源年度利用计划作为国土空间用途管制中的基础性制度。并提出政策建议:坚持陆海统筹,加强计划管理对海洋资源开发、保护和修复的约束与引导;探索"总量不变、盘活存量"的海洋空间资源供给思路;完善围填海"总量控制、中央统筹"的管理流程;聚焦解决围填海历史遗留问题;加强自然资源法治建设。     

CCD astrometric observations of 2017 VR12, Camillo and Midas

We have observed three near-Earth objects(NEOs), 2017 VR12, Camillo and Midas, during 2018.The observations were made with the 1-m telescope, operated by Yunnan Observatories, over two nights.Their precise astrometric positions are derived from 989 CCD observations. The theoretical positions of asteroids are retrieved from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL) Horizons System and Institut de M′ecanique C′eleste et de Calcul des ′Eph′em′erides(IMCCE). The positions of three asteroids are measured with respect to stars in the Gaia DR2 star catalog. For 2017 VR12, the means(O-C) of right ascension and declination are -0.090′′and-0.623′′respectively based on the published JPL ephemeris, but the corresponding means(O-C) are 3.122′′and-0.636′′based on the published IMCCE ephemeris. The great difference in declination could be explained by several factors.(1) The degraded CCD images caused by the fast apparent motion of the objects lead to a reduction in positioning accuracy.(2) The poor timing system may introduce systematic errors, especially in the high speed direction.(3) The asteroid may be perturbed by Earth when it approaches the Earth too closely. These astrometric results demonstrate that the centroid centering method can reduce the dispersion of non-Gaussian images as compared with the PSF modeling method.For Camillo and Midas, the astrometric results are consistent based on the two ephemerides. Implementing a high-precision timing system, and analyzing some astronomical effects and geometric distortions in CCD images should be carefully considered in future works.     

基于GIS的武汉市公共信息服务系统的研制

介绍了武汉市公共服务系统项目研制的目的——通过网络电子地图、触摸屏电子地图、光盘电子地图搭建公共服务系统平台,服务于公众。阐述了系统的内容,并着重分析了系统功能实现中数据库和功能模块的设计。