Estimation of land surface evapotranspiration over complex terrain based on multi‐spectral remote sensing data

Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) plays an important role in energy and water balances. ET can significantly affect the runoff yield of a basin and the available water resources in mountainous areas. The existing models to estimate ET are typically applicable to plains, and excessive data are required to calculate the surface fluxes accurately. This study established a simple and practical model capable of depicting the surface fluxes, while using relatively less parameters. Considering the complex terrain, solar radiation was corrected by importing a series of topographic factors. The water deficit index, a measure of land surface wetness, was calculated by applying the f_c (vegetation fractional cover)‐T_rad (land surface temperature) framework in the two‐source trapezoid model for evapotranspiration model to mountainous areas after corrections of temperature based on altitude variations. The model was successfully applied to the Kaidu River Basin, a basin with few gauges located in the east Tien Shan Mountains of China. Based on the time scale extensions, ET was analyzed at different time scales from 2000 to 2013. The results demonstrated that the corrected solar radiation and water deficit index were reasonably distributed in space and that this model is applicable to ungauged catchments, such as the Kaidu River Basin.     

三峡库首区最小一维速度模型研究

根据三峡台网2001～2006年记录的490个地震事件中的7 330条P波和3 524条S波到时资料,利用Kissling方法得到了三峡库区最小一维P波和S波速度模型以及台站校正值,并应用于地震的精定位.重新定位后地震走时残差均方根从原来的0.56 s下降到0.41 s,地震定位精度在经度、纬度、深度方向上有了较大提高.     

Mining spatiotemporal association patterns from complex geographic phenomena

ABSTRACT

Spatiotemporal association pattern mining can discover interesting interdependent relationships among various types of geospatial data. However, existing mining methods for spatiotemporal association patterns usually model geographic phenomena as simple spatiotemporal point events. Therefore, they cannot be applied to complex geographic phenomena, which continuously change their properties, shapes or locations, such as storms and air pollution. The most salient feature of such complex geographic phenomena is the geographic dynamic. To fully reveal dynamic characteristics of complex geographic phenomena and discover their associated factors, this research proposes a novel complex event-based spatiotemporal association pattern mining framework. First, a complex geographic event was hierarchically modeled and represented by a new data structure named directed spatiotemporal routes. Then, sequence mining technique was applied to discover the spatiotemporal spread pattern of the complex geographic events. An adaptive spatiotemporal episode pattern mining algorithm was proposed to discover the candidate driving factors for the occurrence of complex geographic events. Finally, the proposed approach was evaluated by analyzing the air pollution in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can well address the geographic dynamic of complex geographic phenomena, such as the spatial spreading pattern and spatiotemporal interaction with candidate driving factors.     

Impact Analysis for Safety Prevention and Control of Special-Shaped Shield Construction Closely Crossing Multiple Operational Metro Tunnels in Shallow Overburden

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - With the improvement of the urban rail transit network, crossing construction has become an inevitable situation in the construction of subway tunnels. The...     

《工程地质分析原理》课程的教学实践与思考

地质学基本理论和应用技术构建而成的《工程地质分析原理》课程,以工程稳定性岩体为主讲对象,以国家建设和国民经济发展需求为目标,通过基础理论、基本概念和技术方法的讲授和实践训练,为国家培养高质量的有用人才。多年教学实践表明,该门课程基本概念多,涉及知识面宽,其工程过程和机制分析要求教师讲解逻辑慎密,并具有三维空间思维,因而教学难度较大。通过教学改革和长期的教学实践与不断总结,取得了如下教改体会：（1）与时俱进,坚持教学改革。结合现状,循序渐进,改革不合理的课程内容与教学方法,补充必要的新理论、新技术、新方法,完善课程内容与教学方法。（2） 突出重点,兼及其他。重点讲解工程地质领域的基本理论,也适当介绍和分析所涉及的人文现象与环保问题。（3）理论联系实际。工程地质基本理论的教学必须紧密联系实际,授课中应该适当增加工程案例的介绍,增强学生的感观认识。（4）教学方法以课堂讲授为主,辅以工程现场的课间实习以及学生的专题研讨,据此提高师生的互动性,激发学生的创造性思维。（5）课程考核采用理论知识笔试与实践动手能力相结合的计分法。教学实践表明,我们采取的这些教改措施是行之有效的,提高了教学质量,得到了同学们的普遍欢迎。