河南祁雨沟金矿同位素地球化学和矿床成因分析

祁雨沟金矿位于华北克拉通南缘的熊耳地体,是典型的爆破角砾岩型金矿。本文全面总结并深入分析了祁雨沟金矿的同位素地球化学研究资料,以氢-氧-碳同位素体系确定成矿流体由岩浆热液向大气降水热液演化,以碳-硫-铅同位素体系厘定成矿物质主要来自岩浆流体系统,以铅、碳同位素确定熊耳地体南侧的中-新元古代地层是不可缺少的成岩成矿物质来源之一。因此认为：在中生代华北与扬子板块碰撞造山过程中,熊耳地体南侧的陆壳板片沿马超营断裂俯冲到熊耳地体之下,通过变质脱水-熔融作用派生了祁雨沟岩浆-流体成矿系统,其成因可由碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模式（即CMF模式）解释。     

铜石杂岩体隐爆作用与金矿成矿的关系及其研究意义

山东省平邑县铜石地区是鲁西最重要的金矿产地,继归来庄大型金矿床发现之后,又相继发现了卓家庄特富金矿床及磨坊沟、梨方沟、贺山庄等具层控特征的金矿床,构成了铜石金矿田。这些金矿床的形成与铜石地区中生代多期次岩浆活动或隐爆作用密切相关,分布于岩体边部的隐爆-侵入角砾岩是金矿床的载体,成为寻找隐爆-侵入角砾岩型金矿的重要标志。     

山西五台山滹沱群四集庄冰碛岩碎屑锆石年龄及其对大氧化事件研究意义

山西滹沱群四集庄组变质陆源碎屑混杂岩的砾石岩性复杂,分选和磨圆性差,砾石表面可见划痕和凹面,发育落石构造,表明其沉积于冰水过渡带环境,记录了华北克拉通古元古代冰期事件。四集庄组不同层位不同岩石的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中于2.5 Ga左右,下部2件陆源碎屑混杂岩样品的碎屑锆石给出的最小年龄分别为(2 440±40) Ma和(2 400±23) Ma,而上部1件砂岩样品碎屑锆石的最小年龄为(2 121±22) Ma,说明冰川沉积作用发生在2.4 Ga之后, 2.1 Ga之前或2.1 Ga左右,与全球性休伦冰川事件(Huronian Glaciation Event,HGE)发生时间一致。砂岩相最小碎屑锆石年龄2.1 Ga左右,说明五台地区冰川事件之后沉积作用仍未结束,冰川沉积发生在陆缘广海盆地。四集庄组之上的大石岭组具有碳酸盐岩碳同位素正漂移,沉积于2.12 Ga之后,2.08 Ga之前,与全球碳酸盐岩碳同位素正漂移事件时间一致。青石村组的红层沉积于2.08 Ga左右,也与全球红层发育记录一致。华北克拉通滹沱群记录了相对完整的大氧化事件序列。     

西秦岭地区卡林-类卡林型金矿床及其成矿时间、构造背景和模式

秦岭造山带是世界第二大卡林-类卡林型金矿省,其地质背景与美国西部卡林-类卡林型金矿省明显不同,位于大陆内部的碰撞造山带,而非活动大陆边缘的盆岭省。秦岭卡林-类卡林型金矿主要赋存于板块缝合带及其前陆冲断带的海西-印支构造层中,以泥盆系和三叠系为主,主要岩性为瀉湖-浅海相的含碳细碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造,即碳硅泥岩系;成矿元素为Au-As-Sb-Hg-Ag,缺乏T1,共生矿种为Sb,Hg,Ag,U和重晶石等;成矿温度为160～300℃,流体盐度为4％～10％(NaClcq),压力为5～50MPa,深度约0．5～5km,属于中低温中浅成热液矿床,与内华达卡林-类卡林型金矿一致。成矿流体具有建造水特点,C2H6含量较高,显示了有机流体参与成矿。成矿同位素年龄介于220～100Ma之间,以170Ma为高峰,地球动力学背景属碰撞造山过程挤压-伸展转变期的减压增温体制,成矿构造模式为碰撞造山成岩成矿和流体作用模式。陆陆碰撞过程中,沿龙门山、阿坝-黑水-平青、若尔盖-文县、玛曲-勉县-略阳、白龙江、双河-公馆、凤县-镇安、安康等大型断裂带的陆内俯冲作用不仅导致了西秦岭地壳缩短增厚隆升,而且使俯冲板片变质脱水、熔融,派生成矿流体和相关熔体,流体和熔体的上升到仰冲板片次级构造带,形成了卡林-类卡林型和造山型金矿成矿系统。据此提出,西秦岭深部可能存在潜力巨大的造山型金矿省。     

东秦岭斑岩钼矿带的地质特征和成矿构造背景

东秦岭钼矿带包涵5个世界级超大型(>5×105tMo)、5个大型((5～10)×104tMo)和一些中小型(<5×104tMo)钼矿床,探明钼金属储量超过5×106t,是世界最大的钼矿带。钼矿带的北、南边界分别是三宝断裂和商丹断裂,两条断裂分别为秦岭造山带的反向边界逆冲断裂(RBT)和主中央滑脱断裂(MCT)。矿床类型有斑岩型、斑岩-夕卡岩型、夕卡岩型和碳酸岩脉型,以前两者为主。含钼岩浆岩主要是富硅、钾而贫铁、镁、钙的花岗斑岩,只有黄龙铺和黄水庵矿床为碳酸岩脉。同位素年龄资料显示,黄龙铺形成于220Ma左右,而其余的与花岗斑岩有关的钼矿床形成于160～110Ma。结合秦岭造山带构造演化分析,认为黄龙铺矿床形成于弧后伸展背景,而其他矿床及其成矿斑岩形成于陆-陆碰撞体制。     

Geochemical Styudy of Gold and Arsenic Mineralization of the Carlin-Type Gold Deposits,Qinling Region,China

Element geochemistry of gold arsenic and mineralogical features of their sulfides in the Carlin-type gold depostis of the Qinling region are discussed in this paper.The initial contents of ore-forming elements such as glod and arsenic are high the ore-bearing rock series in the Qinling region.Furthermore,both the metals are concentrated mainly in the diagenetic pyrite.Study on the mineralogy of arsenic-bearing sulfide minerals in the ores demonstrated that there is a poistive correlation between gold and arsenic in the sulfide minerals.Available evidence suggests that gold in the As-bearing sulfide minerals in likely to be presented as a charge species(Au ),and it is most possible for it to replace the exxcess arsenic at the site of iron and war probably deposited together with arsenic as solid in the sulfide minerals. Pyrite is composed of(Aux^3 ,Fe1-2^2 )([AsS]x^3-[S2]1-x^2-),and arenopyrite of (Aux^3 ,Fe1-x^3 )([AsS]x^3-[AsS2]1-x^3-).The occurrence of glod in the As-sulfied minerals from the Carlin-type gold depostis in the Qinling region has been confirmed by electron probe and transmission electron microscopic studies.The results show that gold was probably depostied together with arsenicas coupled solid solutions in sulfide minerals in the early stage of mineralization.Metallogenic chemical reactions concerning gold deposition in the Carlin-type As-rich gold deposits would involve oxidation of glod and concurrent reduction of arsenic.Later,the deposited gold as solid was remobilized and redistributed as exsolutions,as a result of increasing hydrothermal alteration and crystallization,and decreasing resistance to refractoriness of the host minerals.Gold occurs as sub-microscopic grains(ranging from 0.04tp 0.16μm in diameter)of native gold along micro factures in and crystalline grains of the sulfiedes.     

费县马头崖地区新太代五台期TTG岩系特征

费县马头崖地区新太古代五台期侵入岩发育广泛 ,为一套石英闪长岩—英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩—花岗闪长岩的岩石序列组合 (TTG岩系 ) ,在形成时间和空间分布上相对一致 ,为一次岩浆热事件多次活动的产物 ,其成分和结构具有双重演化特征 ,构成一个较完整的岩浆演化序列。依据岩性特点及其演化特征 ,归并为峄山超单元 ,是鲁西地区新太古代的第二套TTG岩系。     

岩溶煤矿矿井煤层底板突水非线性预测方法研究

本文煤层底板突水系统为一非线性系统的特性,提出采用对非线性问题具有良好适用性的人工神经网络方法进行煤层底板突水预测。文中系统地阐述了人工神经网络预测的原理、建模方法、适用条件和应用问题,并在肥城矿务局对所建立的煤层底板突水预测人工神经网络系统进行生产性检验,取得良好的效果,说明人工神经网络方法应用于煤层底板突水预测的可靠性。     

斑岩型铜、金、钼矿床成岩成矿特征差异的原因和意义

文中简要总结了斑岩型金矿、铜矿和钼矿在产出的构造环境,岩石地球化学特征和出溶流体的温度、压力、盐度、蚀变等方面的异同点,重点从元素的地球化学性质、岩浆的源区和过程(熔体和流体演化)3个方面解释了上述差异。Au、Cu和Mo在地球化学性质尤其是亲硫性上的差异决定了元素在不同的大地构造环境下的岩浆作用过程中的分布、迁移和富集特征,最终控制了矿床的分布。岩浆的源区及其温压条件、熔体上升过程中矿物的分离结晶和中上地壳岩浆房内的演化程度控制了成矿岩浆的地球化学特征,进而影响其就位时的压力和温度,从而导致出溶流体在p-T-X上的变化。结合岩浆岩中大离子亲石元素和SiO2的含量,可以评估斑岩型矿床的类型：高的Rb含量是斑岩型钼矿的特征,高的Ba含量是斑岩型钼+铜矿的特征,高的Sr含量是斑岩型铜+金矿的特征。相对于俯冲环境,后俯冲环境下的成矿岩体具有更高的大离子亲石元素含量。矿区中酸性岩石的结构(斑状、似斑状、不等粒和等粒结构)可以用来初步指示成矿的潜力。     

Geology and D-O-C Isotope Systematics of the Tieluping Silver Deposit,Henan, China: Implications for Ore Genesis

The Tieluping silver deposit, which is sited along NE-trending faults within the high-grade metamorphic basement of the Xiong‘er terrane, is part of an important Mesozoic orogenic-type Ag-Pb and Au belt recently discovered. Ore formation includes three stages: Early (E), Middle (M) and Late (L), which include quartz-pyrite (E),polymetallic sulfides (M) and carbonates (L), respectively. The E-stage fluids are characterized by δD=-90%c,δ^13CCO2=2.0‰ and δ^18O=9‰ at 373℃, and are deeply sourced; the L-stage fluids, with δD=-70‰, δ^13C CO2=-1.3%c and δ^18O=-2‰, are shallow-sourced meteoric water; whereas the M-stage fluids, with δD=-109‰, δ^13C CO2=0.1%c and δ^18O2‰, are a mix of deep-sourced and shallow-sourced fluids. Comparisons of the D-O-C isotopic systematics of the Estage ore-forming fluids with the fluids derived from Mesozoic granites, Archean-Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Xiong‘er Group, show that these units cannot generate fluids with the measured isotopic composition (high δ^180 and δ^13C ratios and low δD ratios) characteristic of the ore-forming fluids. This suggests that the E-stage ore-forming fluids originated from metamorphic devolatilization of a carbonate-shale-chert lithological association, locally rich in organic matter, which could correspond to the Meso-Neoproterozoic Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, rather than to geologic units in the Xiong‘er terrane, the lower crust and the mantle. This supports the view that the rocks of the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups south of the Machaoying fault might be the favorable sources. A tectonic model that combines collisional orogeny, metallogeny and hydrothermal fluid flow is proposed to explain the formation of the Tieluping silver deposit. During the Mesozoic collision between the South and North China paleocontinents, a crustal slab containing a lithological association consisting of carbonate-shale-chert, locally rich in organic matter (carbonaceous shale) was thrust northwards beneath the Xiong‘er terrane along the Machaoying fault.Metamorphic devolatilization of this underthrust slab provided the ore-forming fluids to develop the Au-Ag-(Pb-Zn) ore belt, which includes the Tieluping silver deposit.