交叉裂隙水流N-S方程有限元分析

运用有限元理论从N-S方程(Navier-Stokesequation)出发,研究了交叉裂隙水流的基本特征.通过有限元计算结果与传统网络水力学算法及实验成果的对比分析,论述了在裂隙渗流分析中,传统网络计算方法的近似程度完全能为工程要求所接受.网络裂隙渗流分析计算时,不必再单独考虑裂隙水的偏流问题.     

洪水计算的新进展——古洪水研究

尽管中国有悠久历史，但利用历史洪水展延洪水频率曲线以求稀遇设计洪水，仍感困难和不可靠，古洪水研究可得到数千年的大洪水资料。使洪水的考证期大为扩展，因而得以从根本上避免现行数字外延洪水顺频率曲的弊端，成果稳定可靠，为洪水计算工辟了一条新的途径，本文论述了古洪水研究的原理方法和我国四大河流应用古洪水研究的经验与成果。     

Information gain in prospect assessment by using basin modeling

To enhance the quality of oil- and gas-resource assessments and to reduce the risks in oil and gas exploration, a number of assessment techniques have been developed. Unfortunately, these techniques have not always been effective in the timely transfer of information. The amount of time that is required for preparing assessments does not always allow for the necessary high-quality data to be generated. To overcome this problem, a method based on an analysis of the phase state of oil and the dynamics of fluids in secondary migration of hydrocarbons is proposed. The phase state of the oil and fluid potential for secondary migration is estimated initially for each prospect together with the extent of the drainage area. On the basis of these estimates, statistical calculations can be made for the generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons. As a result, more reliable data are available for prospect assessment. The application of this method has a practical significance in that it brings the role of basin modeling in prospect assessment into full play, increases the reliability of petroleum-resource assessments, and reduces the risks in exploration. A case study from the Beitang region in eastern China is presented.     

1994年AGU香港会议与旧金山会议

本文综述了１９９４年ＡＧＵ香港会议与旧金山会议的概况，介绍了这两次会议中地震预报研究专题的情况，论及了这两次会议的作用与影响。     

兰州大气颗粒物和水溶性离子及其降水中元素组成的关系

本文论述了兰州市区不同季节大气颗粒物污染状况，它的水溶性复合离子浓度分布，同期降水中阴、阳离子组成以及它们之间的关系。研究结果表明；该地区大气颗粒物污染较为严重。它的水溶物和同期降水化学组成复杂，与Ｃａ￣（２＋）离子浓度之和在二者的总离子中分别占５９．２％和５７．８％。并呈“硫酸－钙”型污染特征。受人为污染的影响颗粒物水溶性离子浓度冬季较高。受沙尘影响春季降水中的Ｃａ￣（２＋）离子浓度高于其它季节。     

Simultaneous inner- and outer-sphere arsenate adsorption on corundum and hematite

The ability to predict the fate and transport of arsenic in aquatic environments, its impact on water quality and human health, and the performance and cost-effectiveness of water treatment systems relies on understanding how it interacts with solid surfaces. In situ resonant surface X-ray scattering measurements of arsenate adsorption at pH 5 in 0.01 M NaCl on corundum and hematite (012) surfaces demonstrate that arsenate surface complexation is unexpectedly bimodal, adsorbing simultaneously as inner- and outer-sphere species. In addition, this bimodal behavior is found to be independent of the total arsenate solution concentration, and thus surface coverage, over the range of 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻³ M. Alternative mechanisms to produce the observed As distributions, such as arsenate dimerization or surface precipitation of an aluminum or ferric arsenate, are inconsistent with the experimentally-determined total and As-specific density profiles. Based on the location of the outer-sphere arsenate in relation to the surfaces studied, possible binding mechanisms include electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding to surface oxygen functional group, and configurational stabilization by interfacial water. Although the observation of outer-sphere arsenate surface complexes on a metal oxide surface is unprecedented, it is unclear if such species were absent in previous molecular-scale studies, as it is difficult for methods commonly used to investigate the mechanisms of arsenate adsorption to conclusively identify or rule out the presence of outer-sphere species when inner-sphere species are also present.     

2013—2016年新疆地闪活动特征分析

基于新疆2013—2016年地闪定位监测资料,对新疆的地闪活动特征进行分析。结果表明：新疆地闪以负地闪为主,占地闪总数的84.7%。年均正地闪所占比例为15.3%,高于内蒙古高原的9.6%。地闪密度总体值小于0.714次/km2?a,呈现出北疆大于南疆,西部地区大于东部地区,山区大于沙漠戈壁的形式;地闪月和日分布均成单峰型,月分布高发期在6—8月,日变化主要集中在14—20时;地闪强度百分率呈现单峰型分布,且负地闪的分布曲线与总地闪基本一致。正地闪出现频率在强度达到30—40kA时出现峰值,为正地闪次数的16.5%;地闪雷电流强度全年变化幅度较小,均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。正地闪的平均雷电流强度达59.7kA,为负地闪的1.8倍;上午的平均雷电流强度皆大于下午。     

北京居民生活满意度的多层级定序因变量模型分析

传统经济学视角出发的个体生活满意度研究往往忽略了数据的嵌套性,多层级模型更适用于地理学中分析不同层级地理单元特征对个体生活满意度的影响。采用多层级定序因变量模型,以北京为例,研究居民生活满意度在城市内部街道和居住小区尺度内的异质性,并研究了高层级地理空间单元的属性特征对居民生活满意度的影响。结果表明,生活满意度在居住小区层级的异质性远高于街道层级,个体自身的社会经济属性对个体的生活满意度有显著影响,总的来说,高收入、老年人、北京户口居民的生活满意度更高。除个体属性特征以外,居住小区的类型是影响生活满意度的重要因素,商品房小区居民的满意度显著高于保障房和单位房小区居民。