广东省森林火险等级的评价模式

利用美国ＮＯＡＡ－ＣＡＣ、夏威夷大学、中国气象局提供的热带太平洋海温，水位及风场资料和“ＴＯＧＡ－ＣＯＡＲＥ”（１９９２年１１月－１９９３年２月）提供的赤道西太平洋深层海温资料，对１９９３年全球大气及热带海洋异常状况作了诊断分析，认为１９９３年世界气象灾害频频发生的原因是：（１）大气环流的异常变化对１９９３年东传型ＥＮＳＯ事件的响应几乎同步。（２）１９９１、１９９３年两次东传型ＥＮＳＯ事件在短期内     

禹州梁北一号井田构造特征及成因分析

利用井田勘探资料及野外地质资料,分析了梁北一号井田构造特征,认为该井田以断层为主,具有镶嵌构造特征,井田的构造格局是多期构造运动综合作用、互相叠加的结果,喜马拉雅运动对井田构造格架的形成具有重要影响。井田内断层发育,与煤层赋存和开采有密切关系,一方面断层的发育破坏了煤层的连续性和完整性,给煤岩开采造成很大困难;另一方面断层的发育使得埋藏较深的煤层向上抬升,埋藏变浅,有利于开采,扩大了煤层开采的有效面积。     

Connection between earthquakes and deep fluids revealed by magnetotelluric imaging in Songyuan,China

Songyuan is the most earthquake prone area in northeast China.Since 2006,earthquakes have occurred in the area in the form of swarms,with a maximum magnitude of M_L5.8.There is much controversy about the cause of the Songyuan earthquakes.We attempted to determine the cause using a three-dimensional electrical conductivity structure inverted from a regional network of magnetotelluric data in the Songyuan area.The L-BFGS inversion method was applied,with a fullimpedance tensor data set used as the inversion input.Combined with an evaluation of the earthquake locations,the resistivity model revealed a northeast-oriented hidden fault running through the Songyuan earthquake area(SEA),which was speculated to be the preexisting Fuyu-Zhaodong Fault(FZF).Our resistivity model also found an apparent lithospheric low-resistivity anomaly beneath the earthquake area,which breached the high-resistivity lithospheric mantle and stalled at the base of the crust.A petrophysical analysis showed that this lower crustal low-resistivity anomaly was most likely attributed to hydrated partial melting,which could release water into the lower crust during later magma emplacements.While weakening the strength of the FZF,these ascending fluids also increased the pore pressure in the fault,further reducing the shear strength of the fault.Shear stress action(a fault strike component of the east-west regional compress),together with possible near-surface disturbances,may drive the fault to slip and trigger the earthquakes in Songyuan.It is possible that the continuous replenishment of fluids from the deeper mantle forces the Songyuan earthquakes into the form of swarms.We infer that the Songyuan earthquakes could be attributed to a combination of preexisting faults,regional stress,and deep fluids associated with plate subduction,and near surface disturbances might induce the earthquakes in advance.The Songyuan earthquakes are inherently induced earthquakes,fed by deep fluids.     

2010年玉树7.1级地震诱发滑坡特征及其地震地质意义

2010年玉树7.1级地震造成了一系列次生地质灾害。笔者在玉树灾区地震地质灾害调查基础上,结合Quickbird高分辨率遥感影像数据和航片影像数据,以目视解译为主,共提取了542处地震滑坡,并首次发现了11处古地震滑坡。调查研究结果显示,玉树地震滑坡主要包括崩塌、狭义的滑坡和土溜等三种类型。其中地震崩塌占到了90%以上,按其物质成分可进一步划分为碎屑型崩塌、碎屑流型崩塌和岩崩等三类。地震滑坡的空间展布特征显示,该区80%以上的地震滑坡集中分布在以玉树活动断层为轴的长约95km、两侧宽2km的廊带区内,并与发震断层距离和宏观震中有很好的相关性,其高密度区与同震地表破裂的空间分段性也有很好的对应关系,体现出典型的走滑型发震断层的控灾特点。同时,还进一步分析了山体坡度、坡体形态、临空面高度和地层岩石与岩体完整度等因素对地震滑坡总体分布的影响。对古地震滑坡的初步研究发现,古地震滑坡的规模、期次和分布特征间接地反映出玉树断裂带在全新世期间曾发生过多次震级强度明显大于本次玉树7.1级地震的古地震事件,这为更深入探索玉树断裂带古地震事件提供了另一种重要的研究途径。此外,地震滑坡分布与地表破裂和极震区破坏程度之间的密切空间关系指示,地震滑坡也可以成为快速圈定宏观震中以及开展极震区地震烈度评价等方面的重要指标。     

The impact of surface energy exchange on the thawing process of active layer over the northern Qinghai–Xizang Plateau,China

In this study, we collected radiation and active layer temperature data observed in the northern Qinghai–Xizang Plateau during the period 2006–2008 in order to analyze the impact of surface energy balance on the thawing process of the active layer. Results show that surface energy exhibits an obvious seasonal variation. The largest values of energy variables including global radiation, net radiation, soil heat flux and surface heat source intensity occur during June and July, while the smallest values occur in November and December. The active layer is generally dominated by an endothermic process. During the freeze–thaw period, the variation process of the active layer temperature is similar to that of surface energy. The seasonal thawing depth is closely related to the process of surface energy exchange. During the thawing period, seasonal thawing depth gradually increases as more solar energy enters the surface. When the surface energy accumulation is 0.0 MJ m^?2 d^?1, the seasonal thawing depth is the smallest. The seasonal thawing depth gradually increases with further accumulation of surface energy. Thus, the variation processes between the surface energy and seasonal thawing depth can be expressed by a power relation. The values of seasonal thawing depth calculated with the empirical relationship provided in this study agree well with the observed values. The relative error between calculated and observed values is less than 12 %. These results show that this empirical relationship can be successfully used to describe the behavior of active layers.     

色彩地理学理论及其在中国的研究进展

采用文献调查法对国内色彩地理学的研究进展和现状进行系统梳理,在介绍色彩地理学理论的产生背景、内容和研究方法的基础上,综述了国内学术界在城市规划中的色彩设计、建筑设计中的色彩应用、旅游开发中的旅游形象设计和景观规划等领域对色彩地理学的研究和应用成果,认为色彩地理学理论仍有较大的应用潜力,其理念和方法亟待在中国普及和推广。     

基于离散裂隙网络模型的核素粒子迁移数值模拟研究

高放废物地质处置过程中涉及的核素在围岩裂隙地下水中的迁移问题已引起广泛关注,数值模拟是研究核素粒子运移的重要方法。目前裂隙介质中渗流模型主要是等效连续介质模型、双重介质模型和离散裂隙网络模型。对于岩体尺度裂隙地下水的流动,离散裂隙网络模型能充分表现裂隙介质的各向异性、不连续性等特征。因此,针对裂隙介质准确概化及核素迁移模拟等难点,文章结合Monte Carlo随机生成裂隙方法、裂隙渗流有限元算法和高放射性核素衰变方程等方法,依据花岗岩深钻孔裂隙统计数据,采用离散裂隙网络模型对内蒙古阿拉善高放废物地质处置预选区展开了核素粒子迁移数值模拟研究,并讨论了实例预测分析结果。结果显示:针对设定的地质模型,核素粒子从中心运移到边界的迁移路径长度平均为1293.35 m,粒子运移到边界耗费的时间平均为1.70E+11 d。     

南海北部陆缘大陆架科学钻探选址：珠江口盆地沉积源汇启示

南海海盆自1998年始开展了一系列大洋科学钻探，取得了重大成就，但揭开南海海盆打开过程的关键记录在南海北部陆缘大陆架。因此，开展南海北部陆缘科学钻探非常必要。珠一坳陷位于南海北部珠江口盆地，不仅具有巨大的油气资源潜力，而且记录了南海海盆打开前的地质背景。该地区的物源特征分析对于揭示物质源汇过程、重建盆地构造演化过程、预测优质储层具有重要指示作用，一直是当前研究的热点，也可从沉积学角度为论证南海大陆架科学钻探选址提供依据。本文采用锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb定年技术，结合锆石CL图像及稀土元素配分特征，对珠一坳陷东西两侧典型地区的样品锆石进行了物源示踪、沉积源汇分析，并探讨其物源变化的构造成因。结果表明，下始新统下文昌组沉积期到上始新统上文昌组- 下恩平组沉积期，坳陷物源由盆内转换为盆外供应为主。其中，恩平凹陷部分洼陷由于没有文昌组沉积地层，下恩平组仍以盆地内物源供给为主；惠州凹陷和陆丰凹陷则从上文昌组开始转为盆外物源供给。惠州和陆丰地区上始新统恩平组、渐新统珠海组、下中新统珠江组地层锆石自形程度较低，磨圆度较高，边缘破坏较为严重，年龄分布较为分散，稀土元素配分特征与基底不同，说明上文昌组- 恩平组地层沉积之后，坳陷主要接受盆外华南板块物源供给。该物源转换与~43 Ma时珠一坳陷裂陷作用自南向北的转换密切相关。