Application of fluid inclusions in tectonic geology

The release of thermal fluids is expected during tectonic movement. These thermal fluids may be trapped by minerals (newly formed or recrystallized) to form fluid inclusions. The aim of this paper is to discuss the tectonic relations between the North China Platform and the Qinling Geosyncline based mainly on the fluid inclusion data. Some preliminary conclusions have been drawn as follows:

1. Recognized between the platform and the geosyncline are several tectonic belts, each of which has different characteristics with respect to fluid inclusions.
2. Various tectonic belts are bounded by the fault, on both sides of which fluid inclusions found are considerably different.
3. Research on fluid inclusions provides further information on the history of tectonic evolution of the North China Platform and the Qinling Geosyncline.

This work is an initial attempt to the study of tectonic geology in terms of fluid inclusion data.     

福建省推覆构造研究及其意义

本文主要是根据“闽西南地区推覆构造与隐伏煤田预测研究”的主要成果来写的。在概述两次研究课题取得主要成果的同时，对福建省重大基础地质有关的问题提出了新的认识。文中重点是总结了福建省推覆构造发育的特征，将推覆构造划分为两大类（逆冲推覆构造，拆离构造）和五种类型（中深层次逆冲推覆构造、浅层次逆冲推覆构造、褶皱逆冲推覆构造和拆离（滑脱）构造、褶皱拆离构造），对各类型的主要特征、分布规律、组合特征和推覆构造的发生和发展进行系统的总结，明确指出了燕山早期中深层次边冲推覆构造是福建省规模最大、对今后寻找隐伏矿产关系最密切和最重要的推覆构造，对研究我省的推覆构造具有重要意义。并结合福建省的实际，从基础地质和找矿两方面进行论述。     

Torrential rainfall-triggered shallow landslide characteristics and susceptibility assessment using ensemble data-driven models in the Dongjiang Reservoir Watershed,China

Natural Hazards - This study investigated the characteristics of rainfall-triggered landslides during the Typhoon Bilis in the Dongjiang Reservoir Watershed, China. The comparative shallow...     

Transport behavior of nZnO in geosynthetic clay liner used in municipal solid waste landfills under temperature effect

The transport process of nZnO in geosynthetic clay liner (GCL), an anti-seepage material used in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, under different seepage temperature conditions was conducted. The transport behavior of nZnO in GCL was analyzed. Results showed that the retardation performance of current GCL used in MSW landfills anti-seepage system against nZnO pollutants was poor. nZnO successfully permeated the GCL and entered external soil–groundwater environment, posing health threats to the life of organisms. Although seepage temperature exerted a small effect on nZnO suspension leakage volume, change in seepage temperature affects the mass of transported nZnO in GCL by redispersion of nZnO in suspension. As the seepage temperature increases, the mass of nZnO that permeated the GCL increases, reaching a maximum at 50 °C, and then decreases.     

A study of the factors influencing the occurrence of landslides in the Wushan area

Due to the complex natural geological conditions, many slope-related geological hazards occur in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in China. This study focuses on the characteristics of landslide development and their underlying mechanisms in this area. A statistical analysis is conducted to determine the characteristics of landslide development in the Wushan area, including the landslide distribution as a function of the elevation, slope, landslide material composition, scale, lithology, boundary conditions, instability mechanism, stratigraphic age, attitude, and sliding direction. The mechanisms of slope instability and the effect on the occurrence of landslides are analyzed. This study provides important reference material for landslide research in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and similar stratigraphic areas.     

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of the Three‐Period Porphyries from the Daruoluolong Cu (Au) Deposit,Tibet, China

正Objective The Daruoluolong deposit is the first high-grade Cu(Au)deposit discovered in the middle section of the Bangonghu-Nujiang(herein after referred to as Ban-Nu)metallogenic belt,which has not been documented about previously.This deposit is located in Shuanghu County of northern Tibet,and its geotectonic position belongs to the     

煤层气钻孔化学堵漏浆液的配制与试验

为解决山西某矿区煤层气钻孔漏失问题,选择合适的堵漏浆液。基于正交试验的设计方法,以低水解聚丙烯酰胺（PHP）、801堵漏剂、水玻璃和植物胶为堵漏材料制成堵漏浆液,测试了堵漏浆液的相对密度、失水量、塑性黏度、表观黏度、和动切力等指标,并采用极差法与方差法分析了各材料（因素）的显著性。研究表明：塑性黏度、表观黏度受PHP的影响最大,水玻璃对失水量影响最大,801堵漏剂对动切力影响最大。以较大的黏度和动切力及较低的失水量为评价依据,确定了堵漏浆液的最优配方。建立了最优配方堵漏浆液的流变方程,模拟试验测定堵漏浆液的堵漏性能,并通过4个煤层气钻孔工程实践验证了堵漏浆液的堵漏功效。     

Electrical conductivity of orthopyroxene and plagioclase in the lower crust

The electrical conductivities of lower crustal orthopyroxene and plagioclase, as well as their dependence on water content, were measured at 6–12 kbar and 300–1,000°C on both natural and pre-annealed samples prepared from fresh mafic xenolith granulites. The complex impedance was determined in an end-loaded piston cylinder apparatus by a Solarton-1260 Impedance/Gain Phase analyzer in the frequency range of 0.1–10⁶ Hz. The spectra usually show an arc over the whole frequency range at low temperature and an arc plus a tail in the high and low frequency range, respectively, at high temperature. The arc is due to conduction in the sample interior, while the tails are probably due to electrode effects. Different conduction mechanisms have been identified under dry and hydrous conditions. For the dry orthopyroxene, the activation enthalpy is ~105 kJ/mol, and the conduction is likely due to small polarons, e.g., electrons hopping between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺. For the dry plagioclase, the activation enthalpy is ~161 kJ/mol, and the conduction may be related to the mobility of Na⁺. For the hydrous samples, the activation enthalpy is ~81 kJ/mol for orthopyroxene and ~77 kJ/mol for plagioclase, and the electrical conductivity is markedly enhanced, probably due to proton conduction. For each mineral, the conductivity increases with increasing water content, with an exponent of ~1, and the activation enthalpies are nearly independent of water content. Combining these data with our previous work on the conductivity of lower crustal clinopyroxene, the bulk conductivity of lower crustal granulites is modeled, which is usually >~10⁻⁴ S/m in the range of 600–1,000°C. We suggest that the high electrical conductivity in most regions of the lower crust, especially where it consists mostly of granulites, can be explained by the main constitutive minerals, particularly if they contain some water. Contributions from other highly conducting materials such as hydrous fluids, melts, or graphite films are not strictly necessary to explain the observed conductivities.