Numerical modeling of hyperpycnal flows in an idealized river mouth

Numerical experiments in an idealized river mouth are conducted using a three-dimensional hydrodynamics model (EFDC model) to examine the impacts of suspended sediment concentration (SSC), settling velocity of sediment and tidal mixing on the formation and maintenance of estuarine hyperpycnal flows. The standard experiment presents an illustrative view of hyperpycnal flows that carry high-concentrated sediment and low-salinity water in the bottom layer (>1.0 m in thickness) along the subaqueous slope. The structure and intra-tidal variation of the simulated hyperpycnal flows are quite similar to those previously observed off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth. Results from the three control experiments show that SSC of river effluents is the most important parameter to the formation of hyperpycnal flows. High SSC will increase the bulk density of river effluents and thus offset the density difference between freshwater and seawater. Low SSC of river effluents will produce a surface river plume, as commonly observed in most large estuaries. Both the settling velocity of sediment particles and the tidal mixing play an important role in maintaining the hyperpycnal flows. Increasing settling velocity enhances the deposition of sediment from the hyperpycnal layer and thus accelerates the attenuation of hyperpycnal flows, whereas increasing tidal mixing destroys the stratification of water column and therefore makes the hyperpycnal flows less evident. Our results from numerical experiments are of importance to understand the initiation and maintenance of hyperpycnal flows in estuaries and provide a reference to the rapidly decaying hyperpycnal flows off the Huanghe river mouth due to climatic and anthropogenic forcing over the past several decades.     

日本周边海域温跃层特性研究及温度剖面模型构建

使用"中国ARGO实时资料中心"提供的2005—2009年连续5 a日本南部海域的ARGO浮标资料,通过建立标准层,统计并提取各标准层的剖面温度,采用AKIMA插值方法计算各层的温度梯度。较详细分析了该海域温度垂直剖面特征及温跃层的分布规律。在此基础上,使用分段三次多项式拟合方法建立了适用于该海区的温度垂直剖面模型,并利用2010年ARGO数据对模型进行了验证,研究表明,经过模型模拟的剖面温度与实测温度之间的相关系数可达到0.99以上。     

壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球的制备及性质研究

以液体石蜡为油相,以壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶溶液为水相,用乳化法制备了壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球,并对微球形态、粒径分布、溶胀性、蛋白吸附率、溶血率、体外降解率进行了分析。光学显微镜下显示,微球形态圆整,粒径主要分布在100～400μm;扫描电镜显示,微球内部为三维网络状结构,骨架清晰;pH=7.4的PBS缓冲液中干凝胶微球的溶胀率为218.08%,普通壳聚糖微球为70.98%;1和24h测得凝胶微球的蛋白吸附量分别为13.21和15.68μg/g,普通壳聚糖微球分别为3.71×103和4.83×103μg/g;微球的溶血率小于5%,血液相容性良好;体外降解实验显示,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度、黏度以及溶菌酶浓度对壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球的降解性质产生影响。     

10kW漂浮点吸收直线发电波力装置

点吸收式是目前世界上发展较多、转换效率较高的一种波浪能利用技术,介绍我国自主研发的一台10 kW漂浮点吸收波浪能直线发电装置。该装置主要由4 m直径蝶形振荡浮子、6 m直径水下阻尼板、1 t重直线发电机组成,整个装置漂浮在海面上,是一个钢结构体。装置外形为煤油灯形,采用共振聚波和阻尼匹配技术提高装置的转换效率,有效发电时间不受来波方向和潮位的影响,针对构成装置的不同材料采用不同的防腐技术提高装置的整体抗海水腐蚀能力,采用下潜方式躲避台风打击,采用蓄能技术提高锚泊系统抗走锚和断链能力。直线发电机是一个圆筒型结构体,具有较高的转换效率和防海水腐蚀能力。发电装置进行了实海况试验,为后续的研究工作提供了相关经验。     

不同水温下儿茶素EGCG在黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)体内代谢动力学和肝消除研究

采用反相高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定了黄颡鱼血浆、肝脏中儿茶素EGCG含量,并研究了不同水温(10℃和20℃)下EGCG在黄颡鱼体内代谢动力学和肝组织消除特征。结果表明,高温下黄颡鱼腹腔注射EGCG后体内吸收较快,T1/2ka为0.21h,T1/2α为2.07h,T1/2β为22.89h,AUC为5195.41μg·h/ml,Tp为0.95h,Cmax为257.75μg/ml;低温下分别为5.67h、9.53h、207.49h、17283.03μg·h/ml、12.56h和117.16μg/ml。同时在0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24、48、96h各时间点检测了肝脏组织中EGCG浓度,并计算得出高温下EGCG在肝组织中的T1/2β为24.15h,低温下肝组织中T1/2β为64.17h。对不同水温下代谢动力学和肝组织消除规律的研究表明,EGCG在黄颡鱼体内吸收、分布和消除速度与水温关系密切,高温下均较低温下迅速。     

Authigenic iron oxide formation in the estuarine mixing zone of the Yangtze River

Estuaries are elementary geochemical fronts where river water and seawater mix. Within this mixing zone, iron and other non-conservative elements can undergo complex reactions to form new solid phases. In order to understand authigenic iron oxide formation in the Yangtze River Estuary, two onsite water-mixing sets of experiments were conducted, one by mixing variable amounts of unfiltered Yangtze River water with filtered East China Sea water of different salinity (set 1), the other by mixing variable amounts of filtered Yangtze River water with filtered East China Sea water of different salinity (set 2). In set 2, the minerals newly formed in the course of mixing were investigated by means of a scanning electron microscope fitted with an energy-dispersive X-ray analytical system. It was found that ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite were formed in these mixing experiments, coexisting in nearly equal amounts. These iron oxides appear as aggregated particles with a large grain-size range of several microns to more than 100 μm. The electrolytic properties of seawater played an important role in the formation of these authigenic iron oxides. Kaolinite and organic aggregates were also found in the experimentally mixed pre-filtered waters. Amounts of newly formed suspended matter (set 2) were one to three orders of magnitude lower than those of total suspended matter (TSM) (set 1). This implies that newly formed minerals represent only a very small proportion of TSM in the estuarine mixing zone of the Yangtze River.     

秦皇岛港区春、夏和秋季底栖海藻的研究

报道秦皇岛港区底栖海藻的群落结构、季节变化、生物量及优势种类等。通过４次定性采样指出：４月和６月的种类数高于８月和１０月，群落组成都以红藻类为优势。平均生物量分布以金山咀最高，灯塔最低，各采样点的优势种是新煤码头为绿藻类的孔石莼、肠浒苔和尾孢藻；灯塔为红藻类的珊瑚藻、鸭毛藻及绿藻类的孔石莼和刺松藻，金山咀为孔石莼、刺松藻、萱藻和蜈蚣藻。     

渤海南部现代沉积特征

渤海南部现代沉积属陆源碎屑沉积，长石含量平均４５．３％，石英２５．９％，可分为六个沉积区，其沉积物类型、矿物组成、沉积速率和风化程度等差异明显。     

东海黑潮热输送及其与黄淮平原区汛期降水的关系

根据日本气象厅1956—1990年PN（G）断面观测资料分析东海黑潮热输送的变异特征，并探讨其冬季热输送与黄淮平原区汛期（6－8月）降水的关系。结果表明，黑潮通过PN（G）断面多年平均的热输送达15．74×1014W，其中冬季热输送的年际和长期变化特别明显；冬季热输送年际变化的周期主要为对．23.4a、3.5a、和2.6a，长期变化总趋势是70年代末以前各年热输送距平均为负值，对年代末接近多年平均值，进入80年代各年距平值不仅为正且逐年增大；东海黑潮冬季热输送与黄淮平原区汛期降水具有相近的长期变化趋势，两者间存在较好的负相关关系。     

海坛岛海域表层沉积物中主量化学成分的地球化学

本文对海坛岛海域３３个表层沉积物中１０种化学成分的含量、含量变化和区域平面分布作了描述和探讨。化学成分中Ｃｏｒｇ、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｆｅ、ＡＩ、Ｔｉ、Ｍｇ等元素的关性好,和粘土矿物关系密切,从陆源搬运入海;Ｃａ、碳酸盐和上述及粘土含量呈负相关,在富含生物介壳的粗粒沉积中富集;Ｍｎ主要赋存于陆源碎屑,而在砾砂中有自生Ｍｎ沉积。Ｑ型聚类分析的结果表明,调查区可分为３个地球化学分区,综合反映了沉积物的地球化学特征。