海洋重力测量误差补偿两步处理法

基于工程化应用的需要，对笔者原来提出的两种海洋重力测量误差补偿方法进行了简化，把原来严密的自检校平差简化为两步处理法，并深入分析了简化方法的技术和适用范围。利用一个实际观测网数据验证了两步处理法的有效性和可靠性。     

似大地水准面确定的B样条拟合

通过对比目前常用的似大地水准面函数拟合法,提出了B样条曲面拟合原理,运用矩阵论有关方法对其进行解算,模拟算例表明其在拟合精度及等高线局部表现能力上均优于传统方法.     

以相邻点海面高度差为观测量的沿迹调和分析新方法

采用TOPEX/POSEIDON卫星轨迹上相邻点的海面高差作为观测量,在交叉点分析结果的控制下构成同一弧段上观测量在两相邻交叉点间的综合观测方程,以轨迹上纬差0.1°的正常点的潮汐参数构成总体待估参数系列,实施最小二乘综合解算。分析结果表明,这种差分模式可以基本消除非潮汐因素的影响,提高潮汐参数估计的精度和可靠性,可比一般沿迹逐点分析给出更为平滑的沿迹参数分布,更符合海洋潮汐运动的物理背景。     

Preliminary ESR dating results on loess samples from the loess–paleosol sequence at Luochuan, Central Loess Plateau, China

The quartz Al centre has been used in pioneering studies for ESR dating of sediments. Acceptable age estimates could be obtained for a range of deposits using this centre after estimating the residual level. To inspect the feasibility and reliability of ESR dating of windblown sediments, six loess samples from the loess–paleosol sequences of Luochuan profile on central Loess Plateau, China, were dated by ESR with regeneration method using the quartz Al centre measured at 115 K. The samples were exposed to sunlight for 430 h. Only about 25% signal intensity was bleached. According to our preliminary results, ESR age estimates increased with the depth along the loess profile, however, the ESR age of each sample is only about a half of the reference age of the corresponding strata. For example, the ESR age of a sample from the top of L₈ loess near B/M boundary (a known age of 780 ka) yields an age of only 385 ka. It seems that ESR dating using quartz Al centre with dose regeneration protocol may have the potential for dating of loess and other aeolian deposits, but the studies on the nature of the quartz Al centre and experiment protocols have to be studied further.     

Magnetic Detection Method for Seabed Cable in Marine Engineering Surveying

The detection and identification of the seabed cable is becoming an important task in the marine engineering. The features of the magnetic anomaly can be used to detect the existence of the seabed cable. The magnetic field model is presented, and the consistency of the magnetic anomaly distribution between the simulation of the model and the observed data is verified. The comparison shows that the seabed cable can be effectively detected and identified with reasonable method.     

汶川8.0级地震陕西省数字强震动记录分析

本文对2008年5月12日四川汶川8.0级地震陕西数字强震动台网27个台的地震加速度记录进行了处理和分析,包括对加速度波形数据的基线调整、滤波、加速度反应谱计算,以及速度和位移计算。结果表明：除局部场地条件的影响外,大地震的能量辐射方向和传播路径中介质的横向不均匀对PGAH衰减的离散性可能有一些影响; 对于同一烈度值,PGA/PGV较小,PGA在数值上平均只有PGV的5倍左右,反映了地震动的低频成分比较丰富; 绝大部分强震台所处地区的烈度为Ⅴ—Ⅶ度; PGAH与水平单分向加速度峰值PGA（E-W）和PGA（N-S）中较大值之间的相对偏差绝大部分小于10%; 波形的性质为面波,盆地中覆盖土层较厚的场地长周期的面波更为发育,波列持续时间较长; 局部场地的介质特性对地震动特征有相当大的影响,盆地中较厚的覆盖土层对较长周期的地震波有明显的放大作用。     

Forward modeling and inversion of the relation model between the gas content of plume and its seismic attribute

The methane bubble plume attracts interest because it offers direct evidence of seafloor gas leakage and plays an indirect role in the exploration and identification of natural gas hydrate. In this study, based on established plume models and their migration sections, three amplitude-class attributes were extracted from three formations for the migration sections of five plumes, and the correlation between the gas content and seismic attribute was obtained. As the gas content increases, the amplitude attribute correspondingly increases, and the linear correlation is relatively good. Moreover, correlation coefficients between gas content and amplitude attributes are close to 1.0. By using linear fitting, the relation model between the gas content of the plume and the seismic attribute was obtained. The relation model was subsequently used to invert the gas content from a real data-bearing plume. Comparison of the gas content section of the plume with the attribute section and real seismic section reveals common distribution characteristics, namely, the color of the section in the lower right corner is dark. If the amplitude value is large in the seismic section of the real plume, the amplitude attribute value is also large in the corresponding attribute section, and the inverted value of the gas content is also large (because gas content and amplitude are linearly correlated), which indicates that the plume bubbles of the section in the lower right corner is intensively distributed. Finally, the obtained gas content section of the plume can reflect the distribution of the plume bubble content more simply and intuitively, from which the distribution law of seafloor bubbles can be deduced, and this lays a foundation for the further estimation of the gas content of the plume and hydrate reserves.     

转型视阈下珠三角地区乡村发展过程及地域模式梳理

在乡村振兴战略背景下,系统梳理珠三角地区的乡村发展演变历程及其主要地域模式,对中国乡村发展和振兴的科学路径选择具有重要参考价值。珠三角地区的乡村发展演变历经了4个阶段。① 1978年以前,传统乡村发展阶段。在国际市场需求刺激下出现“弃田筑塘,废稻树桑”,逐渐形成桑基鱼塘的有机循环农业生产模式,呈现出传统农业景观。② 1978—2000年,工业化驱动发展阶段。以乡镇企业嫁接外资形式推动了自下而上的工业化和城镇化,乡村空间逐渐形成了“生活居住+农业生产+工业生产”三位一体的功能结构,空间分化与混杂性特征显著。③ 2000—2008年,城市化与都市化双轨并行阶段。政府主导的城市土地开发和基础设施投资建设,促使珠三角地区逐渐演变为“大集聚,小分散”的城乡发展转型空间格局。④ 2008年至今,都市化驱动乡村急剧转型阶段。珠三角都市圈建设进程加快,城乡体系逐步向一体化和网络化发展,乡村地区的产业发展趋向多元分化,乡村破碎化的非正规空间促使形成全球城市区域下马赛克式分布的空间格局。基于不同区位的外部性和内生性因素的差异性,珠三角地区的乡村发展模式可归纳为城市区域型、近郊型、远郊型等不同地域类型。在乡村发展转型过程中,外部性的环境变化、内部要素分化与重构机制直接影响到乡村振兴的科学路径和模式选择。     

高斯函数拟合参数选取标准的确定

在水深测量中由于水深数据的离散化特征,需要进行数据拟合,求得未知区域的海底地形。针对高斯函数与协方差函数之间的密切联系,对高斯函数移位的线性组合拟合的基本形式进行了较全面的分析。首先,利用协方差函数旋转面等概念分析了高斯函数的拟合条件及其参数的初步确定;其次,利用高斯函数衰减较快的特性,提出了比值函数准则确定参数的数学方法,并从理论上剖析了参数选择的数学本质,得到了参数选取的有效区间。最后通过大量的实际数据计算,得到了与理论相一致的结果,提高了高斯函数拟合的效率和精度。     

面向用户群的WebGIS场景设计框架初探

可用性问题是制约WebGIS进一步发展的主要障碍。为了提高WebGIS的可用性,需要给予用户提供有用的图形表示和操作,以使用户无需分心于那些不必要的交互和领域特征。基于场景的设计是实现这一目标的有效方法。该文在研究以人为中心的设计和基于场景的设计以及其他相关问题的基础上,提出一种以用户为中心的We-bGIS场景设计框架,对内容体系和关键技术做了重点探讨。并结合实例初步验证了该框架的可行性,旨在提高WebGIS人机交互的自然性和高效性。