地层初始温度及结构对地埋管换热能力影响分析

不同地质条件下,地埋管的换热能力有所不同,热能采集和扩散能力存在差异。为给地埋管地源热泵系统工程提供科学合理的设计依据,本文利用现场热响应测试数据分析了地层初始温度以及地层结构对地埋管换热能力的影响。结果表明:地埋管换热能力与地层初始温度呈较好的线性相关性,地埋管夏季延米换热量随地层初始温度的升高而减少,冬季延米换热量随地层初始温度的升高而增加;不同地层结构,地埋管换热能力有所不同,在富水性相对较好、岩性颗粒粗、地下水径流速度快的区域,地埋管换热效果要优于富水性相对较差、岩性颗粒细、地下水径流速度慢的区域。     

海上风机超大直径单桩竖向抗压承载力理论计算及实测方法对比评价

超大直径单桩基础在应用过程中,存在钢管桩沉桩的选锤、防溜桩等关键问题.为解决以上问题,研究超大直径单桩的竖向抗压承载力是有必要的.分别利用《码头结构设计规范》规定的设计做法、圆孔扩张理论法、UWA-05方法、GRLWEAP模型方法对超大直径钢管桩的竖向抗压承载力进行了分析计算并结合工程实例进行比较,发现现行规范规定的钢管桩承载力计算公式对于超大直径钢管桩承载力的估计偏于保守,高应变检测法对于超大直径单桩基础承载力的评估同样偏于保守.     

IPCC AR5 全球气候模式模拟的中国地区日平均降水精度评价

本文利用中国区域660个站点逐日地面降水资料,评估了由IPCC（the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change）数据中心于2014年最新发布的15个全球气候模式（Global Climate Models, GCMs）以及多模式集合（Multi-Model Ensemble, MME）对中国降水的模拟精度。首先,从全球范围数据集中读取研究区范围内的GCMs降水模拟数据;然后,提取各个气象站点处的GCMs模拟值;其次,将GCMs在同一站点的模拟值取平均,得到MME模拟值;最后,以气象站点实际观测值为基准,对GCMs的模拟值精度进行评估。研究结果表明：IPCC AR5 GCMs 1996-2005年平均日降水模拟值偏差在中国地区的空间分布均呈现出西北向东南逐渐减小的特征,东部地区平均相对误差较小,平均相对误差较大的点主要分布在西部,但均方根误差呈现出从西北向东南增加的趋势;MRI-CGCM3有82.3%的日平均降水模拟值偏差都比较小,偏差介于-0.5到0.5之间;对于中国地区1996-2005年平均日降水量,BNU和MIROC-ESM模拟精度最低;MME模式模拟值的相关系数>0.5、平均相对误差<0.5和均方根误差<4 mm的百分率均为最高,分别达到64.8%、25.8%和86.4%,偏差介于-0.5到0.5之间的比例为56.7%,说明MME对中国地区日平均降水的模拟精度优于大部分模式,MME模式可在一定程度上减少单个模式未来情景模拟的不确定性。     

烟台市国土资源招拍挂网上交易系统设计

烟台市国土资源招拍挂网上交易系统将该市国土资源出让信息介绍给开发商,为土地部门提供最具实力、最有意向的开发企业,参与投资。网上交易系统的开通,将避免当地媒体发布公告区域的局限,提升国土资源的价值,实现国土资源价值最大化,从而促进国土资源招标、拍卖、挂牌活动管理的科学化、规范化和信息化。     

Analysis of Digital Strong Motion Records of the M_S 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake by the Network of Shaanxi Province

Records of the May 12,2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan,Sichuan,earthquake from 27 stations of Shaanxi Digital Strong Motion Network are processed and analyzed,including baseline adjustment of acceleration traces,filtering,and calculations of velocities,displacements and acceleration response spectra.The results show that direction energy radiation of the large earthquake and horizontal inhomogeneous medium along the wave traveling path might both have some effect on the scattering degree of the attenuation of PGAH,besides influence of local site conditions.For the same intensity,the ratios of PGA /PGV are commonly small,on average about 5,which indicates that long period components are rich in ground motion.Intensities for most sites of the stations are within Ⅴ～Ⅶ.The larger one among PGAE-W and PGAN-S is quite close to their PGAH,which is less than 10% in relative deviation.The dominated waves are surface waves.The thicker the soil overburden is,the stronger the surface wave will be and the longer the shaking will last.Local site conditions have strong effects on ground motion,especially those of thick sediment filled-in basins,as they can significantly amplify long-period components.     

Impact of bushfire and climate variability on streamflow from forested catchments in southeast Australia

Abstract

This paper quantifies the impacts of bushfire and climate variability on streamflow from three southeast Australian catchments where bushfires occurred in February 1983. Three hydrological models (AWRA-L, Xinanjiang and GR4J) were first calibrated against streamflow data from the pre-bushfire period and then used to simulate runoff for the post-bushfire period with the calibrated parameters. The difference in simulated streamflow between pre- and post-bushfire periods provides an estimate of the impact of climate variability on streamflow. The impact of bushfire on streamflow is quantified by removing the climate variability impact from the difference in mean annual observed streamflow between post- and pre-bushfire periods. For the first 15 years after the 1983 bushfires, the results from hydrological models for the three catchments indicate that there is a substantial increase in streamflow; this is attributed to initial decreases in evapotranspiration and soil infiltration rates resulting from the fires, followed by logging activity. After 15 years, streamflow dynamics are more heavily influenced by climate effects, although some impact from fire and logging regeneration may still occur. The results show that hydrological models provide reasonably consistent estimates of bushfire and climate impacts on streamflow for the three catchments. The models can be used to quantify relative contributions of forest disturbance (bushfire, logging and other forest management) and climate variability. The results presented can also help forest managers understand the relationship between bushfire and climate variability impacts on water yield in the context of climate variability.     

改进的快速BP算法

BP网络现在得到了广泛的应用.然而,对于学习样本较多,输入输出映射关系复杂的情况,学习速度较慢.通过分析网络误差曲面特征,提出了快速BP算法,它可以大幅度地提高学习速度.     

海洋磁力测量仪器系统检验方法研究

高精度的海洋磁力测量对磁测仪器系统的测量精度提出了更高的要求,文中对海洋磁力测量仪器系统检验的内容和动静态检验方法进行了研究,并通过实例验证其可行性。结论表明:所提出的仪器系统检验方法可以消除仪器系统误差的影响,提高海洋磁力测量精度,保证成果的可靠性。     

对滇西昌宁-孟连带大地构造背景的认识

昌宁-孟连带是我国西南"三江"地区重要的多金属成矿带.该带火山岩化学成分、稀土元素地球化学特征以及硅质岩的沉积地球化学特征均可与大陆边缘裂谷环境相类比.尽管区内玄武岩的微量元素地球化学特征与洋岛玄武岩相似,这是因为洋岛玄武岩与大陆裂谷玄武岩的地球化学特征本身就很相似.综合分析表明该带在晚古生代是在保山-掸邦地块东部发展起来的大陆边缘裂谷环境.     

基于融合资料的天津短时强降水环境物理量可信度及特征分析

针对2009—2017年6～9月天津地区140次短时强降水天气过程,将NCEP FNL(1°×1°)全球分析资料与地面气象观测数据融合,计算天津地区短时强降水的融合物理量参数,通过偏差和偏差区间占有率等分析融合物理量的可信度,并在大量样本统计基础上给出不同月份的短时强降水环境参量特征和指标。结果表明：(1)基于NCEP FNL分析资料与地面气象观测数据的融合物理量在短时强降水潜势判断中具有较高的可信度,融合CAPE、LI、LCL平均绝对误差分别为260.7J.kg_^-1、0.9℃、14hPa,与融合前的NCEP FNL物理量相比绝对误差分别降低了58.1%、48.0%、49.0%。(2)不同月份短时强降水发生所必需的水汽、热力和能量等环境条件差异显著,TPW、K、LI、CAPE、LCL和Z₀均呈现明显的月变化特征。(3)若以75%短时强降水发生的环境条件作为预报指标,7～8月TPW、K、CAPE、Z₀、LCL物理量阈值极为相近,短时强降水多发生在TPW>45kg.m_^-2、K>32℃、CAPE>835J.kg_^-1、LCL>882 hPa、Z₀>4300m条件下,6月物理量指标要求明显降低,如TPW>34kg.m_^-2、K>30℃、CAPE>353J.kg_^-1、LCL>880 hPa、Z₀>3900m,9月预报指标要求则最低。