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21.
使用全球版本的迈阿密等密度海洋环流模式对2011年3月日本福岛核电站泄漏在海洋中的传输以及扩散进行了数值模拟。数值模式中核废料(示踪物)排放情景采取等通量连续排放,排放时间从3月25日开始,分别持续20 d以及1 a,两种情形分别积分20 a。为了减少海洋环流年际变化带来的数值模拟的的不确定性,20 a的模式积分分别用2010年、1991-2011年、1971-1991年以及1951-1971年4个不同时段的NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料作为大气强迫场,因此每种排放情形包含4个数值试验。模拟结果的分析表明,不同核废料排放情景及其在不同时段大气资料对海洋模式的驱动下,模拟的示踪物总体的传输扩散路径(包括表层以及次表层)、传输速率以及垂直扩展的范围没有显著的差异。集合平均数值模拟的结果显示:在两种排放情景下,日本福岛核泄漏在海洋的传输路径受北太平洋副热带涡旋洋流系统主导,其传输路径首先主要向东,到达东太平洋后,再向南向西扩散至西太平洋,可能在10~15 a左右影响到我国东部沿海海域,且海洋次表层的传输信号比表层信号早5 a左右。通过进一步分析模式积分过程中最大示踪物浓度随时间变化发现,在积分第20 a(2031年3月),海洋表层和次表层浓度的最高值分别只有模式积分第一年浓度的0.1%和1%。在积分的20 a里,排放的核废料主要滞留在北太平洋海域(超过86%±1.5%的核废料在积分结束时,滞留在北太平洋),而在积分的前10 a(2021年之前),几乎所有的核废料滞留在北太平洋;在核废料的垂直分布上,主要集中在海洋表层至600 m的深度,在积分的20 a时间里,没有核废料信号扩散至1 000 m以下的深度。数值模拟的结果也表明核废料浓度减弱的强度以及演变的时间特征主要受洋流系统的影响,与排放源的排放时间长短关系不大。值得指出的是,更加准确地评估一个真实的核泄漏事故对海洋环境所造成的可能影响,还需要考虑大气中的放射性物质的沉降以及海洋生态对核物质的响应。 相似文献
22.
水准测量一直是获得地面点精密高差的重要手段,其测量速度慢、效率低也一直是困扰全球测量界的一大难题。为了提高水准测量的速度和效率,本文提出了新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的概念、结构、原理与方法。具体采用水准仪与标尺合二为一的一体化结构设计,将传统水准测量的3点互动配置改变为2点互动配置来提高测站仪器安置速度和地形适应能力;采用对偶测量原理将传统水准测量的单向单系统测量改变为对(双)向双系统测量来提高水准测量的精度及可靠性;采用正交二脚架及L型水准器来提高水准标尺及水准仪的安平速度。理论分析及初步实践表明:新一代高速对向观测数字水准尺仪与传统水准仪相比,水准测量效率可提高1倍以上,是目前世界上最快速、最智能、最精密的电子水准测量系统。高速对向观测数字水准尺仪的发明,将对全球大地及工程测量界产生重大及颠覆性的影响,将开启人类社会普及电子水准仪的新时代。 相似文献
23.
Abstract: In-situ high-pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction experiments of malachite have been performed using diamond anvil cell and synchrotron radiation. The highest recorded pressure is up to 17.4 GPa. The experimental results reveal that malachite experienced two phase transitions at 0.7 and 7.8 GPa, and the last one is reversible. 相似文献
24.
The detection and identification of the seabed cable is becoming an important task in the marine engineering. The features of the magnetic anomaly can be used to detect the existence of the seabed cable. The magnetic field model is presented, and the consistency of the magnetic anomaly distribution between the simulation of the model and the observed data is verified. The comparison shows that the seabed cable can be effectively detected and identified with reasonable method. 相似文献
25.
In this paper, the structure of systematic and random errors in marine survey net are discussed in detail and the adjustment method for observations of marine survey net is studied, in which the rank-defect characteristic is discovered first up to now. On the basis of the survey-line systematic error model, the formulae of the rank-defect adjustment model are deduced according to modern adjustment theory. An example of calculations with really observed data is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of this adjustment model. Moreover, it is proved that the semi-systematic error correction method used at present in marine gravimetry in China is a special case of the adjustment model presented in this paper. 相似文献
26.
On the basis of an analysis of the error sources in multibeam echosounding system, a data processing method for compensating systematic errors in multibeam survey is proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of overall swath, a data fusion technique using single beam survey data as control information for single beam and multibeam echosounding is then presented. Some questions involved in solving the adjustment problem, such as its feasibility and the numerical stability, are discussed in detail, and a two-step adjustment method is suggested. Finally, a practical survey data set is used as a case study to prove the efficiency and reliability of the proposed methods. 相似文献
27.
28.
In the study of sequence stratigraphy and litho-paleogeography,quantitative analysis,precise calculation and detailed comparison of tremendous geological data,such as field profiles,logging records and seismic curves from different areas,are the basic requirements.In order to obtain a more reliable and precise result,this paper presents a novel method that combines spatial database analysis with the single-factor mapping technology to establish sequence stratigraphical succession and to map the Ordo-vician litho-paleogeography of the Ordos Basin,one of the largest oil-gas bearing basins in North China Platform.By using this method,all of the related basic geological data can be quantitatively analyzed and effectively managed.Various attributes of the ba-sic stratigraphic units and their characters,such as sequence thickness,penecontemporaneous dolostone content,shallow water parget content,and terrigenous material content,can be fully utilized statistically in facies analysis and in mapping.Based on this analysis,this paper has be exerted single-factor isopachous mapping quantitatively for each of the Ordovician sequences in the ba-sin,and finally synthesized multiple factors to reconstruct the litho-paleogeography for each of the sequence intervals.The study shows that the proposed method is quite effective and has a much higher resolution in recognizing litho-paleogeographic subunits compared with traditional ways.For example,in one of the Middle Ordovician sequence intervals(SQ19 in the Lower Majiagou Formation) of the Ordos Basin,the authors have successfully developed a mathematical formula to divide the distribution of various facies units substantially,such as old lands,submarine uplifts,supratidal zones,intertidal zones and subtidal zones. 相似文献
29.
海底入射角对多波束反向散射强度的影响及其改正 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综合考虑测船姿态、声线弯曲和海底地形对入射角的影响,推导了计算多波束海底入射角的实用模型。根据Lambert法则,改正海底入射角对反向散射强度的影响。实例计算结果表明,所述模型能精确地计算波束在海底的入射角,有效地改正其对反向散射强度的影响。 相似文献
30.