Carbonate formation mechanism in paleosol sediments of the Bohai Sea coastal zone,China

The Bohai Sea coastal zone of China consists of the Pacific Ocean to the east and Eurasia to the west; hence, this region is influenced by both the ocean and continental landmasses. The carbonate formation mechanism of eolian sediment within this area is poorly understood. The loess-paleosol sediments of the Miaodao stratigraphical section (MDS) contain a record of carbonate changes in this region during the last interglacial period. New insights into regional carbonate formation mechanisms since the last interglacial period were obtained by analyzing the ages of various sedimentary facies in combination with proxy paleoclimatic indices (including average grain size, standard deviation, CaCO₃ content, and clay minerals), as well as via foraminiferal analysis. The results led to three principal findings: (1) The carbonate content change in the MDS was neither controlled by grain size nor affected by minerals. The carbonate change controlled by precipitate leaching in the Loess Plateau region cannot explain the eolian sediments within the Bohai Sea coastal zone. (2) Various subsections contain obvious carbonate content changes caused by foraminiferal deposits atop the eolian sediments, which were deposited by storm surges during a high sea-level period. This increased the carbonate content in the eolian sediments and restricted the carbonate content in the Bohai Sea coastal zone. (3) Newly detected foraminifera of the last interglacial period on the eolian sediment of the MDS were the main source of carbonate content, providing a new understanding of the carbonate formation mechanism in eolian sediments different from that of the Loess Plateau.     

Club convergence and spatial distribution dynamics of carbon intensity in China’s construction industry

Climate change caused by carbon emissions continuously threatens sustainable development. Due to China’s immense territory, there are remarkable regional differences in carbon emissions. The construction industry, which has strong internal industrial differences, further leads to carbon emission disparity in China. Policymakers should consider spatial effects and attempt to eliminate carbon emission inequality to promote the sustainable development of the construction industry and realize emission reduction targets. Based on the classic Markov chain and spatial Markov chain, this paper investigates the club convergence and spatial distribution dynamics of China’s carbon intensity in the construction industry from 2005 to 2014. The results show that the provincial carbon intensity in the construction industry is characterized by “convergence clubs” during the research period, and very low-level and very high-level convergence clubs have strong stability. Moreover, the carbon intensity class transitions of provinces tend to be consistent with that of their neighbors. Furthermore, the transition of carbon intensity types is highly influenced by their regional backgrounds. The provinces with high carbon emissions have a negative influence on their neighbors, whereas the provinces with low carbon emissions have a positive influence. These analyses provide a spatial interpretation to the “club convergence” of carbon intensity.     

Prediction of open stope hangingwall stability using random forests

Natural Hazards - The prediction of open stope hangingwall (HW) stability is a crucial task for underground mines. In this paper, a relatively novel technique, the random forest (RF) algorithm, is...     

Mapping hourly dynamics of urban population using trajectories reconstructed from mobile phone records

Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban population is crucial for addressing a wide range of urban planning and management issues. Aggregated geospatial big data have been widely used to quantitatively estimate population distribution at fine spatial scales over a given time period. However, it is still a challenge to estimate population density at a fine temporal resolution over a large geographical space, mainly due to the temporal asynchrony of population movement and the challenges to acquiring a complete individual movement record. In this article, we propose a method to estimate hourly population density by examining the time‐series individual trajectories, which were reconstructed from call detail records using BP neural networks. We first used BP neural networks to predict the positions of mobile phone users at an hourly interval and then estimated the hourly population density using log‐linear regression at the cell tower level. The estimated population density is linearly correlated with population census data at the sub‐district level. Trajectory clustering results show five distinct diurnal dynamic patterns of population movement in the study area, revealing spatially explicit characteristics of the diurnal commuting flows, though the driving forces of the flows need further investigation.     

蚀变矿物填图技术在斑岩型铜矿找矿勘查中的应用—以滇西北香格里拉松诺矿床为例

松诺铜矿区位于香格里拉格咱斑岩铜矿带红山-普朗铜多金属成矿亚带中段,矿区剥蚀程度较低,具有寻找斑岩型铜矿的潜力。本次蚀变矿物填图工作采用近红外光谱矿物分析技术,识别出绿泥石、绿帘石、高岭石、云母类、蒙脱石类及伊利石等6类主要蚀变矿物,蚀变类型为青磐岩化、绢英岩化;结合物探、化探异常分布,圈定3处找矿靶区,经对KHT2、KHT3钻孔验证,深部均圈定多层铜矿化体。结果表明,近红外光谱矿物分析技术在斑岩型铜多金属矿床勘查评价中可以较好地划分热液矿化蚀变带,进一步明确斑岩型矿化-蚀变中心,为探矿工程部署提供依据。     

胶东莱州新立金矿床深部三山岛断裂物化探异常特征及找矿靶区预测

三山岛断裂是胶东重要的控矿断裂,自三山岛北部海域至仓上地区,包括新立金矿床在内的多个金矿床受其控制。以往地质勘查资料显示,三山岛断裂在新立金矿床深部2000m以下仍有延深,但深部断裂及矿化蚀变带的形态及找矿靶区尚不清楚。本次选用区内典型剖面0勘探线的CSAMT测深、钻孔原生晕资料,结合已知地质资料综合研究认为,电阻率断面能够客观反映深部断裂带的展布规律,为推测蚀变带赋存形态提供了证据,矿体深部尾晕元素不发育、尾晕和前晕共存、呈反分带等轴向分带及叠加特征,指示深部仍存在盲矿体。本文运用综合物化探方法,综合研究莱州新立矿区深部三山岛断裂带赋存规律,预测一处深部找矿靶区,为今后该地区的深部金矿勘查工作提供参考。     

Identification of the Main Control Factors and Failure Modes for the Failure of Baiyuzui Landslide Control Project

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The failure of landslide control project presents a deformation that continues to develop along the crack system, and the continuous failure of mechanical...     

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质调查中综合地球物理方法与实践

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质填图是新时期地质调查工作的重点内容之一.覆盖区地质填图的基本目标包括两个方面,一是揭示覆盖层下伏基岩面地质结构,即填绘基岩面地质图;二是揭示覆盖层地质结构,包括地表覆盖层地质结构和覆盖层的三维地质结构.综合利用地球物理方法可以获得覆盖区地下地质结构、岩石属性、沉积物分布与层状结构等信息.而经济有效地选择和组合实施地球物理方法是完成覆盖区地质填图目标任务的重要保障.基于近年在新疆东天山地区开展的覆盖区地质填图工作,提出了针对多覆盖层结构背景下地质填图的综合地球物理方法组合的技术策略.综合地球物理方法以及新技术在巴里坤盆地和哈密盆地的应用展示了其效果,并为在戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质调查过程中如何开展地球物理工作提供了示范和借鉴.      

扬子地块新元古代裂谷盆地莲沱组沉积分异及其物源分析

扬子地块莲沱组及相当地层单元的划分和对比,一直是我国南华系（即Cryogenian）研究关键难题之一.新元古代裂谷盆地开启早期,构造-沉积分异作用,同裂谷相变很大,使得盆地边缘区地层序列不完整.过分依赖岩石地层单元对比,历存分歧,典型的就是关于莲沱组与板溪群地层对比、时代归属以及莲沱组的沉积环境问题.本文通过对扬子地块东南缘莲沱组沉积古环境分析和锆石U-Pb精确定年,认为莲沱组沉积时限为790~720 Ma,相当于板溪群中上部,是华南新元古代裂谷盆地沉积充填序列的第Ⅱ旋回.莲沱组顶部U-Pb最小年龄约720 Ma,制约了扬子地块Sturtian冰期的启动年龄≤720 Ma.通过对中扬子地块从北向南展布的莲沱组陆相-海陆过渡相-海相不同的沉积单元岩相组合的沉积特征观察研究,分析沉积环境并建立了沉积模式;莲沱组及休宁组碎屑锆石记录了莲沱组沉积时该盆地在780~760 Ma经历了持续热隆升与地层剥蚀,揭示了中国南方扬子和华夏地块聚合与裂解事件的重要信息.      

长江中游沿岸地下水中有机质分子组成特征及其对碘富集的指示

长期摄入高碘地下水（碘浓度＞100 μg/L）会造成人体甲状腺机能损伤.天然有机质被认为是影响高碘地下水形成的关键组分,为研究地下水中溶解性有机质（DOM）分子组成对碘富集的影响,选取长江中游沿岸浅层地下水作为研究对象,运用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪（FT-ICR-MS）表征不同碘浓度地下水中DOM分子组成差异.研究发现碘易富集在还原环境的浅层地下水中,地下水中碘的浓度与溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度无显著关系,DOM分子总数越多碘浓度越高;高碘地下水较低碘水DOM分子均一性、多样性更强,氧化程度和不饱和程度更高,含更多芳香性结构.长江中游沿岸高碘地下水的形成受DOM分子组成控制,主要与不饱和程度高尤其是含芳香性结构的大分子DOM有关,含芳香性结构的DOM分子与碘络合在高碘地下水的形成过程中起重要作用.