Endogenic Au-Ag polymetallic ore deposits and ore-bearing potentiality of strata

The problem of ore-bearing potentiality of the strata involves metallogenic theory and ore-search orientation. Studies of the spatial distribution of endogenic Au-Ag polymetallic ore deposits in North Hebei indicated that the strata in which ore deposits occurred range in age from Paleozoic, Proterozoic to Mesozoic. In addition the ore deposits are characterized as being strata-bound in nature. The arise and establishment of “extracting” viewpoint may be attributed to the following three reasons: 1) influence by the idea of “ore-source bed”; 2) limitation of analytical techniques in the 1980s’ (especially gold element); and 3) a small number of samples (sampling locations were mostly disturbed by mineralization). Studies have shown that ore-forming materials would most probably come from the deep interior of the Earth. Deep-seated ore-bearing materials including Au-Ag polymetals were brought to the shallow levels by way of mantle plume-mantle sub-plume-mantle branch structure multi-stage evolution, finally leading to the formation of ore deposits.     

我国二氧化碳排放的区域分析

利用我国能源统计数据,对我国及各省区的CO2排放总量、排放强度、人均排放量和排放密度进行了计算.通过分析发现我国CO2排放具有较为明显的东西部差异,总体表现为东部发达省区排放总量大、排放强度低、人均排放多、排放密度高的特点,而中西部尤其是西部地区则表现出相反的特征.在分析我国CO2排放区域特征的基础上,分析出现以上地域差异的主要原因,并针对区域减排行动可能存在的问题进行了探讨,提出以省区为单位,降低排放强度可以取得实际的、可跟踪的减排效果,但需要考虑到全国各省区在功能定位、减排成本、资源环境条件等方面的差别,以及建立基于技术与资金合作的联合减排机制的可行性和障碍等因素.     

水环境数学模拟的应用现状及存在问题

水环境中污染物的迁移转化过程模拟和预测是水生态环境健康诊断、预测、预警及控制管理的重要基础。水环境数学模拟已经在国内外有了非常广泛的应用,并且成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文介绍了水环境数学模型的基础研究和应用现状,并提出其发展趋势和国内水质数学模型存在的主要问题。     

微环境对龙游石窟粉砂岩风化的影响

通过龙游石窟2号洞离洞口较近的洞内围岩的风化程度比离洞口较远的洞内围岩的风化程度更为严重的事实来论证微环境对粉砂岩风化的影响。为了描述围岩风化的严重程度,利用橡皮泥压模法对龙游石窟2号洞洞口附近围岩和洞内围岩的凿痕深度进行了量测。量测结果表明,洞内围岩凿痕的最大高差和最大起伏度的平均值分别为10.2mm和0.43。与之相比,洞口附近围岩凿痕的相应值都较小,分别为8.0mm和0.35。以上数据说明洞口围岩凿痕的风化深度较大,粗糙程度较小,被"磨平"的趋势更严重。作者认为,2号洞洞口附近和洞内的微环境差异(主要包括降水、温度、光照和苔藓等)造成了上述围岩风化程度的差异。     

土水特征曲线(SWCC)的滞回特性模拟研究

为了模拟非饱和土的水力、力学特性在多次降雨、蒸发过程中的变化特性,本文以传统域模型的基本原理为基础,推到得到了一个能够模拟SWCC滞后性的计算模型,该模型计算方法简单,易于通过程序实现,且通过与试验数据和其他模型的计算结果对比,验证了该模型的合理性,同时,这个模型可为研究在复杂吸力变化状态下非饱和土的渗流特性、强度特性以及本构模型的研究打下一定的基础。     

汶川地震遗迹旅游资源分类及特色评价

汶川地震造就了大量地震遗迹景观, 成为了地震科学研究及旅游开发活动的重要资源基础。对地震遗迹景观分类没有形成统一的认识, 广义与狭义视角并存, 两分法与一分法并现。充分考虑地震遗迹旅游资源成因及景观特征, 强调地震活动对地震遗迹旅游资源成景过程的影响及响应, 将其分为2个景观型, 4个景观域、6个景观段、13个景观元及若干典型地震遗迹景观; 重点介绍了北川县城地震遗址、都汶公路百花大桥、都江堰虹口深溪沟地表破裂、北川县唐家山堰塞湖、北川县城城西滑坡遗迹等典型地震遗迹旅游资源; 提炼出“国际意义的地质科学研究对象、全球吸引力的典型地震遗迹、国际品质的地震遗迹旅游资源开发条件、世界级震撼力的地震灾难性事件”四大特色。研究结论有利于地震遗迹旅游资源的保护及震区旅游恢复重建, 为高烈度山区地震专项旅游产品开发提供科学依据。     

延边闹枝铜金矿床的矿物流体包裹体特征与成矿作用研究

闹枝铜金矿床是延边内生金铜矿集区内的典型矿床之一,矿体主要为含金黄铜矿黄铁矿石英脉型。笔者运用显微测温、激光拉曼探针,对其矿物内的流体包裹体进行了系统研究。实验结果表明:①流体包裹体的类型主要为气液两相包裹体,其次为纯气相、富气相包裹体及纯液相包裹体,还有少量含子晶的多相包裹体;②流体包裹体的均一温度为150～410℃,与黄铁绢英岩、石英-黄铁矿、石英-多金属硫化物及石英方解石脉4个矿化蚀变阶段相对应的流体包裹体的均一温度分别为350～410℃、290～350℃、210～290℃、150～210℃;③流体包裹体的盐度w(NaCleq)为1.74%～20.97%,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ矿化阶段成矿流体的盐度w(NaCleq)分别为2.396%～5.548%、2.24%～8.68%、1.74%～20.97%和6.3%;④流体包裹体的气体成分主要为H2O和CO2。结合前人的研究成果,笔者进一步确定该矿床的成矿流体具有深源岩浆热流体性质,在流体上升过程中曾发生过弱的沸腾作用,并在硫化物石英脉、多金属硫化物石英脉、方铅矿脉以及石英方解石脉形成过程中,伴有少量地下水或大气水的加入。     

内蒙古西沙德盖钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

西沙德盖钼矿床是近年来在内蒙古中西部地区找到的一处中型钼矿床。钼矿化在西沙德盖斑状钾长花岗岩株及其与太古界乌拉山群变质岩接触带内呈浸染状和脉状产出,并且构成透镜状矿体。本次研究过程中,对9件代表性辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素年龄测定,Re-Os同位素模式年龄值变化范围为222.4～226.3 Ma,等时线年龄为(226.4±3.3) Ma,与赋矿围岩花岗斑岩的成岩年龄一致,由此认为西沙德盖钼矿床与斑状钾长花岗岩的形成时间均为晚三叠世,属印支晚期构造_岩浆活动的产物。结合矿区外围其他钼矿床同位素年龄数据,可以推测,内蒙古中西部大规模钼矿化发生的时间为印支晚期。古大陆内部张裂构造作用所诱发的岩浆活动是导致钼矿床形成的主导因素。     

关于南天山碰撞造山时代的讨论

南天山是天山山脉的一支,是中亚型造山带的典型代表,它经历了复杂的增生—碰撞过程。关于古南天山洋最终闭合—碰撞造山(碰撞事件)发生的时间一直存在不同的认识,争论由来已久。综合分析南天山造山带的构造、地层、古生物、岩石、地球化学和同位素年代学等方面的资料,特别是对放射虫、蛇绿岩、蓝片岩、火山弧及前陆盆地沉积等地质事实的研究,我们认为,南天山碰撞造山作用起始于二叠纪末—三叠纪初。     

New Urbanist developments in flood-prone areas: safe development,or safe development paradox?

Government policies intended to reduce flood losses can increase the potential for catastrophe by stimulating development inside the floodplain, a phenomenon referred to as the “safe development paradox.” New Urbanist design has the potential to both exacerbate and alleviate flood risks. Because they are built at relatively high densities, New Urbanist developments can exacerbate risk by placing more people and property in harm’s way. Conversely, New Urbanist design features theoretically better enable designers of New Urbanist developments to avoid floodplain portions of project sites than designers of conventional subdivisions. Using a sample of New Urbanist developments in the US that contain floodplain portions within their boundaries, this paper focuses on whether and why these developments locate built structures inside the floodplain. The authors find that roughly 30% of the developments locate structures inside the floodplain, and that the odds of locating structures inside the floodplain increase with the proportion of the project site located inside the floodplain and decrease with the presence of government policies that prohibit residential development in the floodplain. The authors also identify confusion among government planners regarding the distinction between pre and postconstruction floodplain boundaries. A subset of New Urbanist developments is found to have built structures located outside the postconstruction floodplain boundary, but inside the preconstruction floodplain boundary. This finding is cited as an example of the “safe development paradox” in action. The authors recommend changes in New Urbanist design codes and local government floodplain management to increasingly direct new development away from the floodplain.