湖北省主要煤系成煤环境及找煤方向浅析

湖北省主要煤系地层是下二叠统“梁山煤系”、上二叠统“龙潭煤系”和上三叠统-下侏罗统“香溪煤系”。“粱山煤系”和“龙潭煤系”主要分布在鄂东南、鄂西南地区,“香溪煤系”零星分布在鄂州-赤壁、远安-当阳、巴东-兴山、利川等地。研究认为：二叠纪成煤环境属近海型,而晚三叠世、早侏罗世属于内陆型。控制聚煤作用的主要因素有：①成煤环境为滨岸沼泽相区,沼泽发育之前沉积物若为砂质、粉砂质岩类,则含煤性好,反之若为泥质或粘土质岩类,则含煤性差;（爹煤系沉积的早期沉积基底剥蚀夷平为坳陷地带,到中晚期坳陷逐渐增大,能形成宽阔的聚煤（盆地）带;⑧地壳沉降幅度大,升降速度乎稳,泥炭沼泽发育时间长;④地壳振荡次数频繁,沉积旋回多,煤层厚度较大,含煤性好,反之．沉积旋回少或不完整,煤层少,且薄,含煤性差。通过分析有利的聚煤因素,提出了各煤系的找煤方向。     

海藻中类胡萝卜素的提取及含量测定

许多研究已经表明，类胡萝卜素是分布最广泛、最重要的一类光辅助合成色素。类胡萝卜素具有多种生物学功能：作为化学保护剂可抵抗由植物自身叶绿素的光敏氧化作用引起的有害作用，给人体补充β-胡萝卜素可有效降低心血管疾病和癌症的发生概率，高摄入富含类胡萝卜素的饮食和降低白内障发生的危险之间有重要联系(Bendich，1993)。海藻中含有丰富的类胡萝卜素，从结构类型说，通常可以分为三类：胡萝卜素、叶黄素和类胡萝卜素酸。海藻中还含有多种特有的类胡萝卜素，如褐藻黄素、甲藻黄素、硅藻黄素等。直到目前为止，海藻中类胡萝卜素的组成与生理学功能尚没有明确的结论，因而对我国丰富的海藻资源中的类胡萝卜素进行较为系统和全面的化学及生物活性研究已成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。本研究选取我国青岛海滨三类大型经济海藻——红、绿、褐藻中资源量丰富的代表性种类作为实验材料，较系统地测定了其中类胡萝卜素的含量，并运用经典的柱层析法对各类胡萝卜素组分进行了分离，通过薄层分析和可见光谱扫描对各分离组分进行了定性、定量分析。     

海岸带专题地图编绘相关问题

海岸带是影响人类活动的重要地带，海岸带专题地图能够详细表示出海岸带的特性。随着海洋经济的发展，海岸图的需求日益增加。从地图的数学要素出发，提出目前海岸图绘制存在的问题，并从地图学、海洋学、遥感地学的角度，对地图投影的选择、坐标系转换、比例尺对海岸图编绘的影响及控制点的确定等问题进行了综合分析。     

The key indicators of transboundary water apportionment based on international laws and cases

Transboundary water, more competitive utilization and uncertain availability under the globalization trend, the issue of its apportionment which directly impacts national benefits of each riparian state is becoming one of the important topics in the world. Water is scarce in China, the most important upstream state in Asia, and this task has to be thought over in the coming future. Based on ＂International Freshwater Treaties Database＂ （1820-2007） by Oregon State University, and publications and reports on transboundary water utilization and management since 1999, 28 indicators of water apportionment adopted in 49 international treaties and cases in 1864-2002 are divided into 6 types, the spatial and temporal characteristics of the adopted indicators are analyzed in order to find the key indicator（s） of transboundary water apportionment. The major results include： the major adopted indicators, have significant differences among 5 regions/continents, the indicators at rank first and second place in the developed region （North America and Europe） according to the adopted times are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂, but in the developing region （Asia, Africa and South America）, the ranking order of the above two indicators is reversed; the major adopted indicators in the watersheds with insufficient water are ＂mean annual runoff＂ and ＂keeping minimum water flow＂, the ones in the watersheds with sufficient water are ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂; the international treaties signed from the first phase to the fourth phase, the developing process shows a progress of ＂fewer-increasing a lot-decreasing rapidly-equation basically＂, the regional distribution of the treaties shifts mainly from the developed region to the developing one, especially to Asia and Africa; the major adopted indicators shifts from ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1864-1945, to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂maximum water intake＂ in 1946-1971, then to ＂hydraulic facility operation＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1972-1991, and finally to ＂keeping minimum water flow＂ and ＂mean annual runoff＂ in 1992-2002, the process shows similar a loop. Finally, the key indicator on transboundary water apportionment can be determined as ＂keeping minimum water flow＂.     

行星会合周期与强震的关系

行星运行都具有一定的周期性.近百年历次大震是在行星20,59,237年会合及合成与月回归下降时段内发震的.文内把近百年强震与当年天文年历及各大行星运行数据绘制地心距视赤经天象图,及5大行星黄经位置天象图,经过验证得出结论.供长期地震预报参考.     

岩溶水作用下填石路基稳定性模型试验研究

以广西水南高速为工程依托点,通过大型岩溶塌陷物理模型试验室,针对岩溶区填石路基中不同岩溶形态的处置方式,模拟研究岩溶水对填石路基的稳定性问题。试验中,重点研究了四种结构: 填石级配型、(片石+ 级配碎石+ 土工布+填石)型、反滤层型、(土+ 填石)型,它们分别对应岩溶水对填石路基侵蚀问题及填石路基的稳定性问题,漏斗、落水洞的处理及土工布防止细粒土流失引起路基变形问题,溶洞填充物的流失问题,岩溶水对粘土路基潜蚀问题及石牙地基的处理。试验结果表明,地下水位变化的瞬时速度对填石路基的稳定性具有重要意义,不同的处置方法在抵抗地下水冲刷方面有显著区别。      

Stratigraphic Geochemistry of Upper—Middle Proterozoic Suberathem in Northern Guangxi,China

The Upper-Middle Proterozoic epimetamorphic rock series in northern Guangxi is a suite of volcanic-terrigenous clastic formations transforming in facies from mobile to stable, which is similar to Eparchean normal argillo-arenaceous sediments both in petrochemistry and in REE geochemistry.The Upper-Middle Proterozoic Suberathem in northern Guangxi is characterized by primordial enrichment of As and Sb, significant depletion in Sr and Hg, bimodal or polymodal distribution of Au and other ore-forming elements, and high variation coefficients and strong mobilities of Sn,Cu,Ni,Au,Ag,As and Sb.The trace element association is characterized by the predominance of siderophile and chalcophile elements occurring in the Middle Proterozoic and that of lithophile ele-ments occurring in the Upper Proterozoic .It is suggested that in northern Guangxi is developed a series of ore-bearing formations with the Sibao Group as the protogenous basement and the Danzhou Group and Lower Sinian series as the derivative cap strata.     

Reclamation of EDTA by sodium tetraethylenepentamine-multi dithiocarbamate after soil washing process with EDTA

Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) has been proven to be an efficient soil washing liquid to remove metal contaminants from soils. However, EDTA may cause secondary pollution due to its low biodegradability if it is not recycled or destroyed in the washing process. Thus, it is necessary to recycle and recover EDTA for sustainable use. In this paper, the extracting performance of fresh EDTA was firstly studied as a function of EDTA concentration, liquid/sediment (L/S) ratio and pH of the solution, and also extraction time. Then sodium tetraethylenepentamine-multi dithiocarbamate (TEPA-DTC), a heavy metals capturing agent, was synthesized on the base of the research of LIU-Lihua. Compared with Na₂S and DDTC, TEPA-DTC shows strong chelating capacity, because it has functional groups of dithiocarbamate that could strongly chelate heavy metals and capture metal ions from Me-EDTA to form precipitates, allowing us to reclaim the EDTA during the process of soil washing. Three divalent heavy metals were investigated (Pb, Cd, and Cu). These three metals could almost precipitate completely with TEPA-DTC under the dosage of 300 mg/l, and EDTA was regenerated. The recovered EDTA was used again in three cycles of soil washing, and the amount of heavy metals extracted just slightly decreased each cycle.     

天津市地热资源开发利用特征及存在问题分析

天津地区的地热地质条件良好,蕴藏着丰富的地热资源。在地热资源的开发利用过程中,每年可产生可观的经济、社会和环境效益,但由于开发方式的不尽合理,带来诸多问题。文章阐述了天津开发利用地热资源的特征,分析了存在的问题。认为不同热储层间水力联系的存在和地热井间距的过小,造成开采层间相互影响较大;地热井布局不合理、开采层位相对集中、回灌程度不高导致局部热储层压力大幅度下降,持续的大幅度压力下降将引发吊泵和地面沉降;超标准排放地热尾水会造成资源浪费和热污染;采、灌井间距的过小和相对位置的不合理,存在冷突破风险。针对不同问题,给出了针对性解决问题的建议。