Impact of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on satellite clock corrections

GLONASS carrier phase and pseudorange observations suffer from inter-channel biases (ICBs) because of frequency division multiple access (FDMA). Therefore, we analyze the effect of GLONASS pseudorange inter-channel biases on the GLONASS clock corrections. Different Analysis Centers (AC) eliminate the impact of GLONASS pseudorange ICBs in different ways. This leads to significant differences in the satellite and AC-specific offsets in the GLONASS clock corrections. Satellite and AC-specific offset differences are strongly correlated with frequency. Furthermore, the GLONASS pseudorange ICBs also leads to day-boundary jumps in the GLONASS clock corrections for the same analysis center between adjacent days. This in turn will influence the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS precise point positioning (PPP) at the day-boundary. To solve these problems, a GNSS clock correction combination method based on the Kalman filter is proposed. During the combination, the AC-specific offsets and the satellite and AC-specific offsets can be estimated. The test results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed clock combination method. The combined clock corrections can effectively weaken the influence of clock day-boundary jumps on combined GPS/GLONASS kinematic PPP. Furthermore, these combined clock corrections can improve the accuracy of the combined GPS/GLONASS static PPP single-day solutions when compared to the accuracy of each analysis center alone.     

Mapping Wetland Areas Using Landsat-Derived NDVI and LSWI: A Case Study of West Songnen Plain,Northeast China

Increasing interest in wetlands for environmental management requires an understanding of the location, spatial extent, and configuration of the resource. The National Wetlands Inventory is the most commonly used data source for this information. However, its accuracy is limited in some contexts, such as agricultural and forested wetlands. An large number of studies have mapped wetlands worldwide from the perspective of land use and land cover change. However, information on the actual wetland planting areas annually is limited, which greatly impacts ongoing research. In this case study of the West Songnen Plain, we developed a simple algorithm for the quick mapping of wetlands by utilizing their unique physical features, such as annual display of phenological land-cover change of exposed soils, shallow flooding water, and plants from multi-temporal Landsat images. Temporal variations of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) derived from Landsat images in 2010 for wetlands at different growth stages were analyzed. Results show that during the ante-tillering phase, the NDVI value (above zero) is lower than the LSWI value of paddies because of flooding of shallow water; during the reproductive and ripening phases, the NDVI value is higher than the LSWI value (above zero); and during the post-harvest wetland planting phase, the NDVI value is still higher than the LSWI value, but the LSWI value is negative. Wetland areas can be detected using one or two images in the optimum time window. The algorithm based on the difference of NDVI and LSWI values derived from Landsat images was used to extract the actual wetland planting area. Validated alongside statistical data, the algorithm showed high accuracy. Therefore, this algorithm highlights the unique features of wetlands and can help in mapping the actual wetland area annually on a regional scale. Results further indicate that the new method has a classification accuracy of 92 %. In comparison, two traditional methods based on Landsat-7/ETM registered accuracy rates of only 83 % and 87 % respectively.     

上海市不可移动文物管理信息系统的研究与实现

探讨了以上海市为例,在WebGIS技术、数据库技术等支持下,通过设计和实现不可移动文物管理信息系统,实现文物历史资料存档、综合档案信息数字化管理、文物点云数据存储及3维模型重建等,以改进文物管理工作的方法和手段,提高管理工作的效率和信息化水平。     

线阵影像GC3多视匹配模型的匹配方向线研究

针对线阵影像的几何成像特点,介绍了GC3及其改进匹配模型的匹配原理;根据模拟参数,推导了GC3多视匹配模型的同轨立体匹配方向线、异轨立体匹配方向线严密函数表达式,给出了匹配方向线分析结论;分别采用模拟数据与ADS40影像数据进行了实验分析,实验结果证明：在实际匹配过程中,匹配方向线在局部范围内可近似为直线使用。     

Verification of net primary production estimation method in the Mongolian Plateau using landsat ETM+data

We plan to estimate global net primary production (NPP) of vegetation using the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) Global Imager (GLI) multi-spectral data. We derive an NPP estimation algorithm from ground measurement data on temperate plants in Japan. By the algorithm, we estimate NPP using a vegetation index based on pattern decomposition (VIPD) for the Mongolian Plateau. The VIPD is derived from Landsat ETM+multi-spectral data, and the resulting NPP estimation is compared with ground data measured in a semi-arid area of Mongolia. The NPP estimation derived from satellite remote sensing data agrees with the ground measurement data within the error range of 15% when all above-ground vegetation NPP is calculated for different vegetation classifications.     

大型工程项目中BIM+GIS指挥调度系统的应用

在"京津冀一体化"的发展目标下,随着新区的建设,政府项目存在着规模大、周期紧、关注度高、管理难度大等特点.利用互联网+的理念提高建筑行业的管理精度是解决问题的主流方向,也符合住建部《2016—2020年建筑业信息化发展纲要》提出的"构建基于BIM、大数据、智能化、移动通信、云计算等技术的工程质量、安全监管模式与机制".本文以某一重大政府项目工程为例,介绍如何将住建部要求的技术要素通过BIM+GIS指挥调度系统应用到项目中.     

A two-step ionospheric modeling algorithm considering the impact of GLONASS pseudo-range inter-channel biases

The Global Navigation Satellite System presents a plausible and cost-effective way of computing the total electron content (TEC). But TEC estimated value could be seriously affected by the differential code biases (DCB) of frequency-dependent satellites and receivers. Unlike GPS and other satellite systems, GLONASS adopts a frequency-division multiplexing access mode to distinguish different satellites. This strategy leads to different wavelengths and inter-frequency biases (IFBs) for both pseudo-range and carrier phase observations, whose impacts are rarely considered in ionospheric modeling. We obtained observations from four groups of co-stations to analyze the characteristics of the GLONASS receiver P1P2 pseudo-range IFB with a double-difference method. The results showed that the GLONASS P1P2 pseudo-range IFB remained stable for a period of time and could catch up to several meters, which cannot be absorbed by the receiver DCB during ionospheric modeling. Given the characteristics of the GLONASS P1P2 pseudo-range IFB, we proposed a two-step ionosphere modeling method with the priori IFB information. The experimental analysis showed that the new algorithm can effectively eliminate the adverse effects on ionospheric model and hardware delay parameters estimation in different space environments. During high solar activity period, compared to the traditional GPS + GLONASS modeling algorithm, the absolute average deviation of TEC decreased from 2.17 to 2.07 TECu (TEC unit); simultaneously, the average RMS of GPS satellite DCB decreased from 0.225 to 0.219 ns, and the average deviation of GLONASS satellite DCB decreased from 0.253 to 0.113 ns with a great improvement in over 55%.     

房产价格时空演变分析

以时空数据模型及房产价格为研究对象,在同时满足基于特征和事件的空间时态数据模型基础上,结合数据库、统计分析、数据挖掘等技术创建基于位置(栅格)和对象(矢量)相结合的时空数据模型,实现了对马鞍山市房产价格的查询和管理.     

航天INSAR复影像对的自动快速匹配

针对航天INSAR主、辅影像数据的特点,提出了加大匹配窗口、加大锚点间隔的匹配策略,以提高匹配的可靠性和速度.在匹配过程中,综合利用轨道参数和强度影像金字塔进行粗匹配,并对强度影像采用相关系数与最小二乘相结合的双向匹配方案,实现了自动、快速、高可靠性和高精度的航天INSAR复影像匹配.最后总结了航天INSAR复影像匹配的特点.     

基于ArcIMS的校园WebGIS设计与实现——以内蒙古师范大学为例

在简要介绍了WebGIS主要实现模式和ArcIMS体系结构基础上,重点论述了基于ArcIMS的校园WebGIS系统平台的构建,实现了具有基本地图编辑、查询、图层操作与3维仿真显示等功能的内蒙古师范大学校园地理信息的网上发布,若能继续完善并与我校目前＂数字校园＂建设的显著成果相结合,对促进内蒙古师范大学＂数字校园＂工程的...