白令海峡治理的合作机制研究

近年来随着北极冰盖的融化,北极通航已成为可能,而白令海峡作为北极航道重要的出口/入口,其战略地位也将逐步显现并被各国关注。在讨论白令海峡的治理与合作时,首先要明确白令海峡是用于国际航行的海峡,而作为海峡沿岸国的美国和俄罗斯对于白令海峡的管控与合作将成为影响未来北极航行的重要因素。为同时保障海峡沿岸国与使用国的利益,可借鉴马六甲海峡的治理经验,在现有治理机制的基础上进一步深化海峡沿岸国与海峡使用国的合作机制。中国作为海峡使用国也有必要积极参与白令海峡的合作治理。     

Analog simulation of urban construction land supply and demand in Chang-Zhu-Tan Urban Agglomeration based on land intensive use

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Urban land intensive use is an important indicator in harmonizing the relationship between land supply and demand. The system dynamics (SD) can be used to...     

乞盖淖湖湖床垂向渗透系数试验研究

地下水与湖水的转化必须要通过湖床沉积物,因此湖床渗透系数是评价湖水与地下水定量转化关系的基础。以内蒙古伊金霍洛旗乞盖淖湖为例,首先分析了湖床沉积物的颗粒组成,然后利用现场渗透试验方法进行了野外试验,计算了湖床的垂向渗透系数。湖床沉积物粒径分析结果表明,湖床沉积物以粉细沙为主。湖床垂向渗透系数计算结果表明,各测点的平均垂向渗透系数介于0．83～13．59cm／d,表明乞盖淖湖床垂向渗透性能在空间上具有非均质性。该研究为定量计算地下水与湖水的转化关系提供了基础参数。     

Implications of diverse sedimentation patterns in Hala Lake, Qinghai Province, China for reconstructing Late Quaternary climate

Hala Lake is located in the Qilian Mountains, Qinghai Province, China, at 4,078?m a.s.l. Its sediments contain an archive of climate and hydrologic changes during the Late Quaternary, as it is located close to the area influenced by the East-Asian summer monsoon and westerly-driven air masses. Sedimentation patterns and depositional conditions within the lake were investigated using eight sediment cores from different water depths, and this information was used to evaluate the feasibility of using a single core to reconstruct past climate and hydrological conditions. Long core H7, from the center of the lake (65?m water depth) and core H8 from a western, near-shore location (20?m water depth), were compared in detail using sediment composition and geochemical data (X-ray fluorescence, loss-on-ignition and CNS analysis). Age models were constructed using 17 AMS radiocarbon dates and indicate negligible reservoir error for sediments from the lake center and?~1,000?year errors for the near-shore sediment core. Cores H1?CH5 and HHLS21-1 revealed a sediment succession from sand and silty clay to laminated clay on the southern side of the lake. Undisturbed, finely laminated sediments were found at water depths???15?m. Core H5 (2.5?m long), from 31?m water depth, yielded abundant green algal mats mixed with clayey lake deposits and was difficult to interpret. Algae occurred between 25 and 32?m water depth and influenced the dissolved oxygen content of the stratified lake. Comparison of cores H7 and H8 yielded prominent mismatches for different time periods, which may, in part, be attributed to internal lacustrine processes, independent of climate influence. We thus conclude that data from a single sediment core may lead to different climate inferences. Common shifts among proxy data, however, showed that major climate shifts, of regional to global significance, can be tracked and allow reconstruction of lake level changes over the last 24,000?years. Results indicate advance of glaciers into the lake basin during the LGM, at which time the lake experienced lowest levels, 25?C50?m below present stage. Stepwise refilling began at ca. 16 kyr BP and reached the ?25?m level during the B?lling/Aller?d warm phase, ca. 13.5 kyr BP. A desiccation episode falls within the Younger Dryas, followed by a substantial lake level rise during the first millennium of the Holocene, a result of climate warming, which promoted glacier melt. By ca. 7.6 kyr BP, the lake reached a stable high stand similar to the present level, which persisted until ca. 6 kyr BP. Disturbed sediments in core H7 indicate a single mass flow that was most likely triggered by a major seismic event?~8.5 kyr BP. Subsequent lake development remains unclear as a consequence of data mismatches, but may indicate a general trend to deteriorating conditions and lake level lowstands at ca. 5.0?C4.2, 2.0 and 0.5 kyr BP.     

区域矿产评价模型——以赤峰红花沟金矿为例

在矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法中,区域矿产评价模型包括远景区圈定要素组合、远景区优选要素组合、矿床数估计要素组合和资源量估算要素组合,它们成功地解决了矿产预测中的信息不对称以及知识驱动和数据驱动相结合的问题.通过对赤峰燕山期红花沟式岩浆热液型金矿资源的定位、定量预测,共圈定远景区11个,其中A类远景区4个,B类远景区3个,C类远景区4个;预测潜在矿床数8个,潜在资源量306.532 t.本区该类型金矿资源潜力巨大,具有很好的找矿远景.     

跨国零售企业在华区位研究——以沃尔玛和家乐福为例

与制造业外资高度集聚在沿海地区不同,服务业外资则沿着中国城市体系布局,消费者外资服务业在渗透大城市市场的同时,以等级式扩散方式向内陆地区城市扩张,以蔓延式扩散方式在都市圈内扩张。本文以沃尔玛和家乐福为例,研究跨国零售企业在中国的空间扩张。截止到2009年,沃尔玛超市已经渗透到许多中等城市,主要以等级式扩散方式进行空间扩张。家乐福超市则主要集中在珠三角、长三角和京津冀都市圈,在各都市圈内部蔓延式扩张。二项式逻辑模型分析表明,家乐福更重视本地化零售业市场规模与潜力,偏好零售业开放时间较长的城市,同时也关注竞争对手沃尔玛新开门店的城市选择。沃尔玛则重视利用零售业集聚经济和规模经济以及家乐福门店城市选择策略,但不在意本地零售业市场规模及其开放政策制度的影响。综合其空间扩散模式、物流配送以及区位选择行为,本文认为两个企业在中国采取了全球化与本土化兼顾的战略,从而得以在中国实现快速扩张。     

基于FY 3D的MERSI全球晴空数据合成技术

FY-3D极轨气象卫星作为最新一代的极地轨道气象卫星,其图像数据包含了丰富的植被、河流、山区等地表信息,对陆地资源调查、地表类型变化监测等具有重要作用。但几乎每轨遥感图像大约有2/3区域都被云雾覆盖,无法直接获取云层下的地表信息用于产品应用。本文研究晴空数据合成技术,首次提出反射率最小合成法、植被指数最大合成法和西格玛合成法的3个标准联合运用的晴空合成技术,利用先进的多时次气象卫星遥感数据合成技术,自动生成FY-3D中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI-II)250m分辨率晴空遥感数据,较好地实现了云和云阴影的去除,生成的晴空效果良好,具备了后续应用的价值。     

三门峡新一代天气雷达冰雹回波特征分析

利用三门峡新一代天气雷达资料，分析了冰雹天气时雷达产品的特征，并确定冰雹天气预报指标。     

秋季南黄海表层海水中溶解氨基酸的分布与组成研究

用高效液相色谱法对2010年9月南黄海33个站位表层海水中总水解氨基酸(THAA)、溶解游离氨基酸(DFAA)、溶解结合氨基酸(DCAA)的分布、组成以及它们与环境因子的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:THAA平均浓度为2.08μmol/L,DFAA平均浓度为0.39μmol/L,DCAA平均浓度为1.69μmol/L。THAA浓度的分布大致呈近岸高、远岸低的特点;DFAA分布的规律性较差,在东部海域(中心约在35°N,123°E)出现高值。相关性分析显示溶解氨基酸与叶绿素a(Chl-a)、溶解无机氮(DIN)、细菌丰度、温度和盐度之间均无显著相关性。THAA中含量较高的个体氨基酸为丝氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸和丙氨酸,总和占70.59%。DFAA、DCAA中的主要成分与THAA基本相同。THAA中个体氨基酸的组成以34°N为界分为南北2个海区呈现明显的区域性特点。     

基于非充分掺混模式的流域来水组成模型

针对如何减小数值求解对流输运方程耗散误差的问题,引进断面计算浓度的概念来计算河段平均浓度,提出了非充分掺混模式的有限控制体积法离散对流输运方程的新算法,据此构建了模拟流域内的水源组成以及不同水源在流域内的时空变化情况的流域来水组成模型。通过数值试验与具体实例验证,结果表明所提出的非充分掺混模式的新算法可有效地提高流域来水模型的计算精度。