杭州市区春节期间空气质量变化特点

分析近3年春节期间的空气质量资料，结果表明，杭州市区环境空气中PM10、SO2、NO2浓度较高，烟花爆竹燃放期间3种污染物出现高峰值，这与烟花爆竹燃放有关，PM25／PM10的比值高于年均值。     

基于ZigBee与GPRS的低压多回路综合监测系统设计

设计了一种低压多回路综合监测系统,它包括用于采集现场数据的传感器以及具有ZigBee通信功能的数据采集节点.数据采集节点能够通过传感器获取现场数据信息.数据采集节点通过ZigBee通信网络与数据网关连接,数据网关通过数据线与便携PC连接,便携PC能够对获取的数据信息进行存储和处理.该系统有如下优点：可同时对多个回路的电参量和开关状态实时监测,方便对电网潜在问题进行分析排查,具有很好的可靠性和实时性,具有很强的便携性,下层数据采集网络采用ZigBee架构,采集点数量多,可轻松增加节点数量,无需布线,便于现场多回路监测装置的快速部署搭建.     

岱海的"中世纪暖期"

内蒙古岱海沉积物近2200a来Rb/Sr比值、CaCO3和有机碳含量的变化展现了包括中世纪暖期（MWP）及小冰期（LIA）等典型气候事件在内的环境演化过程,总体表现为暖期的沉积物Rb/Sr比值低,冷期的则高：CaCO3和有机碳含量则相反。这里,以单一流域化学风化记录表明我国北方存在明显的中世纪暖期,发生时间约900－1200aB.P..主要环境特征表现为流域化学风化的显著增强（低Rb/Sr比值）、生物生产力逐步提高（高有机碳）、湖泊水位大幅度抬升的湖泊沉积记录,其间经历的化学风化是近两千年内最强的,并且其发生时间与全球其他地区基本一致。     

North Pacific Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study: Overview

This special issue is comprised of 13 papers, including this overview, and focuses on the synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the North Pacific which took place from 1997 through 2003. The effort was led by the JGOFS North Pacific Synthesis Group, with the aim of quantifying CO₂ drawdown by physical and biological pumps in the North Pacific by identifying and studying the regional, seasonal to inter-annual variations in the key processes, and understanding their regulating mechanisms. Emphasis was placed on the similarities and differences of the biogeochemical regimes in the eastern and western subarctic Pacific. Effort was also made to address the future research directions which arose from the scientific findings during the North Pacific JGOFS process study. A brief overview of the papers from view points of CO₂ drawdown by physical and biological pumps, spatial variability, and temporal variability from seasonal to decadal scales is made, followed by suggestions for the directions of future research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Application of an optical nitrate profiler to high- and low-turbidity coastal shelf waters

Here, we report the results of high-resolution nitrate measurements using an optical nitrate profiler(in situ ultraviolet spectrophotometer, ISUS) along transect across a high-turbidity shelf(East China Sea) and a lowturbidity shelf(Chukchi Sea). The ISUS-measured nitrate concentrations closely reproduced the results measured by conventional bottle methods in low-turbidity waters. However, for high-turbidity waters of the East China Sea(salinity<30), a correction factor of 1.19 was required t...     

Comparative assessment of nitrogen fixation rate by 15N2 tracer assays in the South China Sea

Nitrogen fixation is one of the most important sources of new nitrogen in the ocean and thus profoundly affects the nitrogen and carbon biogeochemical processes. The distribution, controlling factors, and flux of N₂ fixation in the global ocean remain uncertain, partly because of the lack of methodological uniformity. The 15N₂ tracer assay (the original bubble method → the 15N₂-enriched seawater method → the modified bubble method) is the mainstream method for field measurements of N₂ fixation rates (NFRs), among which the original bubble method is the most frequently used. However, accumulating evidence has suggested an underestimation of NFRs when using this method. To improve the availability of previous data, we compared NFRs measured by three 15N₂ tracer assays in the South China Sea. Our results indicate that the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the 15N₂-enriched seawater method varies obviously with area and season, which may be influenced by incubation time, diazotrophic composition, and environmental factors. In comparison, the relationship between NFRs measured by the original bubble method and the modified bubble method is more stable, indicating that the N₂ fixation rates based on the original bubble methods may be underestimated by approximately 50%. Based on this result, we revised the flux of N₂ fixation in the South China Sea to 40 mmol/(m2·a). Our results improve the availability and comparability of literature NFR data in the South China Sea. The comparison of the 15N₂ tracer assay for NFRs measurements on a larger scale is urgently necessary over the global ocean for a more robust understanding of the role of N₂ fixation in the marine nitrogen cycle.     

Controlling factors on the charging process of oil and gas in the eastern main sub-sag of the Baiyun Sag,Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Mouth Basin

The eastern main sub-sag (E-MSS) of the Baiyun Sag was the main zone for gas exploration in the deep-water area of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Mouth Basin at its early exploration stage, but the main goal of searching gas in this area was broken through by the successful exploration of the W3-2 and H34B volatile oil reservoirs, which provides a new insight for exploration of the Paleogene oil reservoirs in the E-MSS. Nevertheless, it is not clear on the distribution of “gas accumulated in the upper layer, oil accumulated in the lower layer” (Gas_upper-Oil_lower) under the high heat flow, different source-rock beds, multi-stages of oil and gas charge, and multi-fluid phases, and not yet a definite understanding of the genetic relationship and formation mechanism among volatile oil, light oil and condensate gas reservoirs, and the migration and sequential charge model of oil and gas. These puzzles directly lead to the lack of a clear direction for oil exploration and drilling zone in this area. In this work, the PVT fluid phase, the origin of crude oil and condensate, the secondary alteration of oil and gas reservoirs, the evolution sequence of oil and gas formation, the phase state of oil and gas migration, and the configuration of fault activity were analyzed, which established the migration and accumulation model of Gas_upper-Oil_lower co-controlled by source and heat, and fractionation controlled by facies in the E-MSS. Meanwhile, the fractionation evolution model among common black reservoirs, volatile reservoirs, condensate reservoirs and gas reservoirs is discussed, which proposed that the distribution pattern of Gas_upper-Oil_lower in the E-MSS is controlled by the generation attribute of oil and gas from source rocks, the difference of thermal evolution, and the fractionation controlled by phases after mixing the oil and gas. Overall, we suggest that residual oil reservoirs should be found in the lower strata of the discovered gas reservoirs in the oil-source fault and diapir-developed areas, while volatile oil reservoirs should be found in the deeper strata near the sag with no oil-source fault area.     

大陈洋产卵场保护区综合健康状况评价

产卵场保护区建立是养护渔业资源和渔业可持续发展的重要方式,为验证大陈洋产卵场保护区建立的效果,以大陈洋产卵场保护区为研究区域,基于层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process),以2018年春(4月)、秋(11月)两季渔业资源和环境调查数据为依据,从产卵场保护区的环境和生态(一级指标)角度考虑,建立以污染物、水质、群落结构、资源密度等7个二级指标和26个三级指标的评价体系,通过综合健康评价指数(comprehensive health indicator,Ic,h),表征大陈洋产卵场保护区健康状况,并利用2021年春(4月)、秋(11月)两季渔业资源调查数据与保护区建立初期渔业资源情况进行对比。结果显示:2018年大陈洋产卵场保护区春季和秋季Ic,h分别为0.514和0.511,均处于亚健康状态。虽然保护区内环境状况优良,但保护区内生物多样性低,资源密度和资源补充群体数量不足,这表明大陈洋产卵场保护区渔业资源情况不容乐观。经过一段时间的恢复,保护区内渔业资源情况略有所好转,说明保护区的设立有一定的效果。综合健康评价体系在一定程度上客观地反映了大陈洋产卵场保护区健康状...     

中国近海浮游介形类大尺度生态研究Ⅱ.浮游介形类与水系的相关研究

中国近海均不同程度地受控于黑潮,此外,对马暖流、黄海暖流、黄海混合水、台湾暖流、粤东沿岸流、闽渐沿岸流、南海暖流以及大陆径流也是左右海洋环境变异的主要因素,尽管后者各流系的影响往往表现出明显的区域性质,但其影响力有时是强大的,并成为介形类分布的主要制约因素。本文着重阐明相关性明确的夏、冬两季各流系对浮游介形类的调控作用。     

中国近海浮游介形类大尺度生态研究 Ⅴ.浮游介形类群落生境地理位置的季节性变迁

综合分析黑潮、南海暖流、黄海冷水团、对马暖流、闽浙沿岸流、粤东沿岸流、季风和径流对中国近海影响的季节性差异,从而导致中国近海浮游介形类的群落生境地理位置随之进行季节性的变迁。本文选择差异甚大的夏、冬两季进行分析。