导航接收机线性阵列天线抗多径方法

本文提出一种导航接收机最小方差抗多径方法,针对均匀线阵空时二维滤波器结构,推导出权值求解公式,能使天线接收方向图在干扰信号的到达方向上形成窄的零陷,同时对地面反射的有用信号多径方向自适应地形成零陷。仿真结果验证了本文空时滤波结构抑制多径信号的有效性。算法可以应用在车载、机载、弹载抗干扰导航接收机设备,适应实际环境中存在复杂干扰以及多径信号等情况。     

国家一般气象站自动站月报表预审经验谈

山西省临汾市有6个县（市）气象局均采用的是天津气象仪器厂生产的DZZ2型自动气象采集设备,该自动气象采集设备地温的采集由温度采集器和通信控制器2部分组成,其传感元件为PT100型温度传感器,可同时将采集到的12路浅层地温及深层地温温度数据通过地温变送器传送到主采集器中。本例故障从地温传感器（PT100铂电阻）的测温工作原理、其阻值以及采集原理,地温变送器的组成及接线方式人手,进行了详细分析。用万用表对传感器阻值进行测量、判断,继而排除故障。     

克里雅河上游流域黄土中孢粉组合与环境

对克里雅河上游流域末次冰期以来形成的两个黄土剖面13块样品进行了孢粉分析。分析结果表明, 末次冰期以来该区黄土堆积的植被类型主要是以耐旱的麻黄(Ephedra)、藜(Chenopodiaceae)、蒿(Artemisia)等草本植物为主, 属荒漠草原类型。但期间也出现过具有一定含量的云杉(Picea)、冷杉(Abies)、松属(Pinus)等针叶树花粉, 显示出疏林草原环境。由此表明, 从那时以来的黄土堆积过程中, 在总的持续干旱的荒漠草原环境下也存在相对的干湿波动。     

Complex Inversion of MRT Signals under Different Loop Configurations for Groundwater Exploration

Surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) is a relatively new geophysical method for non‐invasive groundwater exploration and aquifer characterization. Conventional SNMR surveys based on one‐dimensional (1‐D) inversion of amplitude data recorded only using coincident loops provide limited or distorted groundwater distribution information, especially in regions with strong lateral heterogeneity and complicated hydrological environments. The simplistic approach limits the applicability and efficiency of SNMR, which was therefore made more effective in this study using a sophisticated signal response formulation. The elliptical polarization parameters of the excitation magnetic fields and 2‐D sensitivity kernels (including real and imaginary parts) of three commonly used loop configurations were first calculated. After all the individual complex signals of five simulated measurement series along a profile were incorporated. The 2‐D magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) complex inversion scheme was then used to perform high resolution tomography of synthetic models under the three loop configurations, taking full advantage of the different sensitivity distributions offered by the different loop configurations and the high sensitivity of the imaginary parts of signals to deep structures. Contrast analyses of the tomographic results showed that the complex inversions significantly decreased model ambiguities and increased depth resolution even with artificial noise added. Coincident loop measurements usually gave the best vertical resolution, and separated loops provided better lateral resolution. However, various factors would influence phase data, meaning that the complex inversion of field data is neither very reliable nor very common at present.     

贵州省纳雍县偏坡寨矿区钼多金属矿地质特征及找矿前景

贵州省钼矿资源丰富,钼矿资源的勘查和开发利用具有重要的经济和战略意义。贵州钼矿主要产出层位为下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部"磷块岩(上磷层)之上的金属层",通过在纳雍县偏坡寨矿区进行钼矿详查工作,基本查明矿区地层层序、分布特征,主要含矿层的性质、产状,控矿构造因素及矿化富集的条件,成矿后构造的破坏影响程度,含矿层的沉积环境特征。该区钼矿层形态、规模、产状、分布严格受牛蹄塘组控制,为在广海静水或斜坡相缺氧还原条件下沉积形成的矿床,受时代控制、地层层位控制、岩相古地理控制明显,具有较大的资源潜力和良好的找矿前景,为进一步寻找钼矿提供借鉴。     

生物炭对兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)连作土壤的改良作用

连作障碍严重影响兰州百合(Lilium davidii var.unicolor)的产量和品质。生物炭在土壤改良中具有一定的作用。将竹炭和稻壳炭加入兰州百合连作土壤,测定了土壤生物化学性质,探讨生物炭对连作退化土壤的改良效应。结果表明:(1)生物炭的添加提高了百合连作土壤的有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和有效钾的含量。(2)生物炭的施用在一定程度上提高了土壤酶活性。(3)利用Illumina Miseq平台检测了土壤样品微生物群落,与对照相比,添加生物炭使微生物群落结构发生了明显的变化,有益细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)的丰度升高,而兰州百合主要致病真菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的丰度下降,降低了枯萎病发生的可能。(4)在盆栽试验中,各处理的根系活力和生物量皆高于对照,生物量提高11.85%～13.21%,根系活力提高了57.88%～58.88%。施用生物炭对克服兰州百合的连作障碍、提高土壤肥力有明显的促进作用。     

养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长、代谢酶活力及其相关基因表达的影响

采用为期40d的饲养试验, 探讨养殖密度(30尾·m^-3、60尾·m^-3和90尾·m^-3)对初始平均体质量为(3.88±0.72)g的银鲳幼鱼生长、肝脏和肾脏中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的酶活力以及相应基因mRNA表达的影响。结果显示: 1) 60尾·m^-3组银鲳幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率分别为(235.19±10.23)%和(4.03±0.10)%, 显著高于30尾·m^-3组(p<0.05), 而与90尾·m^-3组无显著性差异(p>0.05); 2) 90尾·m^-3组银鲳幼鱼的酶活力变化最显著, 30尾·m^-3组的变化幅度最小, 60尾·m^-3组介于两者之间; 3) 肝脏和肾脏中LDH、ALT、AST酶活力均呈先升高后降低的趋势, 其中肝脏中LDH、ALT、AST酶活力高峰分别出现在6h、10d和10d, 是初始值的2倍、4.3倍和2倍, 肾脏中3种酶活力峰值则分别出现在1d、3d和5d, 是初始值的2.1倍、2.2倍和3.1倍; 4) AST、ALT、LDH等3种酶基因mRNA表达量变化规律与各自酶活力变化规律一致。综上所述, 养殖密度60尾·m^-3时可促进银鲳幼鱼生长, 90尾·m^-3高密度养殖会导致银鲳幼鱼额外能量的需求增加, 糖异生相关基因mRNA表达量上调使肝脏、肾脏中AST、ALT、LDH酶活力显著升高, 最终出现生长变慢的情况。     

Analyzing biases of nitrogen contents and δ~(15)N values arising from acidified marine sediments with different CaCO_3 concentrations

In some studies, the researchers pretreated and measured organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) of marine sediment together, to save costs and resources of analysis. However, the procedure of acidification to remove inorganic carbon for analysing δ~(13)C can affect the values of nitrogen and δ~(15)N, and the biases vary a lot depending on the CaCO_3 contents of sediments. In this study, the biases of total nitrogen(TN)and δ~(15)N values arising from acidified sediments were compared between the CaCO_3-poor(1%–16%) and CaCO_3-rich(20%–40%) samples. TN and δ~(15)N values were altered during acid treatment(without centrifugation) that possibly led to N-containing compounds volatilization. For CaCO_3-poor samples, acidification led to a range of 0%–40% TN losses and 0‰–2‰ shift in δ~(15)N values; and 10%–60% TN losses and 1‰–14‰ shift in δ~(15)N values for CaCO_3-rich samples. The biases from most samples exceeded the precision of the instrument(0.002% for TN and 0.08‰ for δ~(15)N), and high biases could mislead our judgment for the environmental implication of the data. Thus,avoiding co-analysis of organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes(δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N) in sediments, even for CaCO_3-poor marine sediments, is necessary.     

GIS支持下岩溶地下水资源信息系统的开发与应用

以徐州市岩溶地下水资源开发利用现状为基础,以先进的地理信息系统软件为平台,设计、建立了徐州市岩溶地下水资源信息系统,并应用于生产实践中,取得了较好的效果。