Simulation Study of Potential Impacts of Tidal Farm in the Eastern Waters of Chengshan Cape,China

The sea area east of Chenshan Cape has peak tidal current flows that exceed 2.3 m s-1, which make it a promising site for the development of tidal current energy. Before these resources can be exploited, a comprehensive assessment is needed of the potential environmental impacts of the extraction of this energy. In this paper, we describe our construction of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the waters near Chengshan Cape, and verify the performance of the model using continuous data measured in situ. We modeled the potential impacts of the exploitation of these resources on the flow field by adding a momentum loss term in the governing equation of the model. Simulation results show that an assumed tidal farm with an estimated power output of 20.34 MW would have a significant impact on the surrounding water level, especially next to the farm, where fluctuation could reach 6 cm. The maximum drop in the flow velocity in the wake of the farm was predicted to be more than 0.8 m s-1, and this influence would extend 10 km downstream.     

Evaluation of the integrated multi-satellite retrievals for global precipitation measurement over the Tibetan Plateau

The availability of high-resolution satellite precipitation measurement products provides an opportunity to monitor precipitation over large and complex terrain and thus accurately evaluate the climatic, hydrological and ecological conditions in those regions. The Global Precipitation Measurement(GPM) mission is an important new program designed for global satellite precipitation estimation, but little information has been reported on the applicability of the GPM’s products for the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The object of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM(IMERG) Final Run product under different terrain and climate conditions over the TP by using 78 ground gauges from April 2014 to December 2017. The results showed the following:(1) the 3-year average daily precipitation estimation in the IMERG agrees well with the rain gauge observations(R~2=0.58, P0.01), and IMERG also has a considerable ability to detect precipitation, as indicated by a high probability of detection(78%-98%) and critical success index(65%-85%);(2) IMERG performed better at altitudes from 3000 m to 4000 m with a small relative bias(RB) of 6.4%. Precipitation change was not significantly affected by local relief;(3) the climate system of the TP was divided into four climate groups with a total of 12 climate types based on the K?ppen climate classification system, and IMERG performed well in all climate types with the exception of the arid-desert-cold climate(Bwk) type. Furthermore, although IMERG showed the potential to detect snowfall, it still exhibits deficiencies in identifying light and moderate snow. These results indicate that IMERG could provide more accurate precipitation data if its retrieval algorithm was improved for complex terrain and arid regions.     

不规则网土壤测量在水系沉积物异常查证中的应用

在大兴安岭森林沼泽景观区,植被茂盛、土壤表层腐殖质发育,且通视条件差,运用传统的规则网土壤测量方法进行1/5万水系沉积物异常查证,工作周期长、劳动强度大;采用不规则网土壤测量方法进行异常查证,取得了快速评价异常、追踪异常源,缩短找矿周期的效果。     

自贡市近50年来气候变化特征分析

本文利用自贡市1955~2006年的气温、降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、累计距平、Mann-Kendall等方法,研究了自贡市近52年来气温、降水的年、季变化特征。结果表明:在全球气候变化背景下,近52年来,自贡年平均气温略上升,年降水量略减少。秋季气候表现为明显的暖干趋势,春季气候则具有明显的变湿趋势。近10年来自贡气候变暖趋势明显。     

浅析律师角色的社会定位——兼谈律师法对律师权利义务的设计

运用法制给律师一个准确定位是法治社会发展的需要，也是发挥律师作用的重要前提。我国现行律师法将律师定位于为社会提供法律服务的执业人员，对律师职业定位不准确，造成律师社会地位低下，缺乏社会责任感，容易造成律师角色失败。社会需求和价值取向决定着律师角色的社会定位，我国的律师法对律师权利义务的制度设计应成为律师定位和发挥其作用的法律保障。     

Estimating the Budgets of Nutrients for Phytoplankton Bloom in the Central Yellow Sea Using a Modified Lower Tropic Ecosystem ModelDOI 10.1007/s11802-014-1900-6

A modified lower trophic ecosystem model(NEMURO) is coupled with a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for an application in the central Yellow Sea. The model is used to simulate the horizontal distributions and annual cycles of chlorophyll-a and nutrients with results consistent with historical observations. Generally, during the winter background and spring bloom periods, the exchange with neighboring waters constitutes the primary sources of nutrients. Howerver, during the winter background period, the input of silicate from the layer deeper than 50 m is the most important source that contributes up to 60% to the total sources. During the spring bloom period, the transport across the thermocline makes significant contribution to the input of phosphate and silicate. During the post spring bloom period, the relative contribution of relevant processes varies for different nutrients. For ammonium, atmospheric deposition, excretion of zooplankton and decomposition of particulate and dissolved nitrogen make similar contributions. For phosphate and silicate, the dominant input is the transport across the thermocline, accounting for 62% and 68% of the total sources, respectively. The N/P ratio averaged annually and over the whole southern Yellow Sea is up to 51.8, indicating the potential of P limitation in this region. The important influence of large scale sea water circulation is revealed by both the estimated fluxes and the corresponding N/P ratio of nutrients across a section linking the northeastern bank of the Changjiang River and Cheju Island. During the winter background period, the input of nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and silicate by the Yellow Sea Warm Current is estimated to be 4.6×1010, 2.3×1010, 2.0×109 and 1.2×1010 mol, respectively.     

DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据研究成果知识图谱分析

利用CitesSpace软件对1997-2017年DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据进行知识图谱分析,梳理国内外研究热点与演化历史,发掘研究难点,为后来研究者提供方向。本文选取Web of Science 核心数据集数据库收录的文献,进行合著特征分析、关键词共现分析和文献共被引分析。结果表明：① 夜间灯光数据相关研究最活跃的国家、机构和作者分别是美国、中国科学院和Elvidge;② 社会经济条件估计（人口、人口密度和电力）和城市扩展变化监测一直是国内外研究的热点和前沿;③ 目前的研究难点是如何减少灯光溢出效应以及灯光过饱和现象对研究精度的影响;④ 研究学科交叉性强,涉及地理学、测绘科学与技术、应用经济学、社会学等领域。因此,未来的研究趋势主要表现在数据处理方法的优化、研究领域的拓展以及深化已有研究成果3个方面。     

地层不整合遮挡油气藏地质储量计算新方法及其应用

从几何学的观点出发,针对纯油藏和具有气顶的油气藏,采用单储系数、横截面面积与油层横向分布长度三者乘积的方式改进采用单储系数、含油面积与油层厚度三者乘积方式的传统容积法,提出相应的地层不整合遮挡油气藏地质储量计算新公式,并根据油气藏的特点提出水平井钻遇油气藏厚度的预测公式。地层不整合遮挡油气藏的地质储量计算目前主要采用容积法,这类方法不仅计算繁琐,而且不确定因素较多;改进后的新方法计算简单方便,理论性更强,存在的不确定因素显著减少。采用新方法在高青油田高424块高424-1井区进行了实践应用。实践表明:改进的新方法适用于地层不整合遮挡油气藏的地质储量计算及预测水平井钻遇油气藏厚度。     

The Long-term Light Variation of BL Lac Object 1ES 1959+650

According to the data of optical observations of the Tuorla Observatory in Finland, using the power spectrum method, DCF (Discrete Correlation Function) method, and Jurkevich method, respectively, we analyzed the periodicity of the long-term light variation of the BL Lac object 1ES 1959+650, and obtained its light period to be P =1.4±0.3 yr. Assuming that the origin of the periodicity is concerned with the accretion disk, we obtained the region where the instability of this source occurs being R =9.65 R_g, here R_g represents the Schwarzschild radius.     

太阳活动周期及其数学描述

概述和分析了太阳活动周期的研究进展,太阳活动呈现非常复杂的周期性,其周期性范围从几天至上百年,11年周期意义比较大,也比较明显;几天至几个月的周期性可能发生在太阳活动高峰期,155天或更短的周期存在,对中期预报有帮助;几年左右的周期对气象学的研究有作用;"蒙德极小期"是否存在至今还没有定论.对太阳活动11年周期的数学描述虽然很多,从效果上看,一般情况下,参数较多的函数计算量很大,误差相对较小;参数少的函数相比参数多的函数误差大,但计算量小;目前还没有一个非常理想的函数.能够对每个活动周都能很好的描述且误差很小.