多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法综述

多时相遥感影像的辐射归一化是进行变化检测或拼接不可缺少的步骤.本文从绝对辐射归一化和相对辐射归一化两个方面对现有的多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法进行了总结.对各种辐射归一化方法进行了剖析,并指出了这些方法的优缺点和适应性.最后对多时相遥感影像辐射归一化方法未来的发展进行了展望.     

区县级多源异构空间数据共享平台研究及应用

针对区县级空间数据凌乱、共享程度低、应用效率不高等现状,充分考虑区县级政府部门对多源异构地理空间数据资源共建共享的需求,基于Web Service和ArcGIS Server技术,构建了包含数据管理、运维管理、共享交换、公共服务等四大子系统为核心的多源异构空间数据共享服务平台框架,并在佛山市顺德区成功应用,实现了区县级多源异构空间数据的集成与共享。     

第二次土地调查数据库成果在土地勘测定界中的应用

介绍了第二次土地调查数据库成果在勘测定界中的应用,进一步规范了土地勘测定界成果资料,确保了成果质量,真正做到了图、数与实地一致,并通过生产实际探讨了县级土地勘测定界内外业工作方法.     

BCC_CSM1.1对10年尺度全球及区域温度的预测研究

近期10～30年时间尺度的年代际预测是第五次耦合模式国际比较计划(CMIP5)重要内容之一.按照CMIP5试验要求,国家气候中心利用气候系统模式BCC_ CSM1.1完成并提交了年代际试验结果.本文评估了该模式年代际试验对10年尺度全球及区域地表温度的预测能力,并通过与20世纪历史气候模拟试验的对比分析,研究模式模拟对海洋初始观测状态的依赖程度.分析结果表明:(1)在有、无海洋初始化条件下,模式均能模拟出1960～2005年间全球10年平均实测地表温度的变暖趋势,但在有海洋初始化条件下,可以明显减小BCC_ CSM1.1模式模拟的全球升温趋势,使得年代际试验比历史试验的结果更接近观测值.这一特     

三边网坐标概算的电算算法研究与实现

根据测边交会计算公式的特点,本文详细论述了一种方便、高效、自动化程度较高的三边网坐标概算的电算算法。这种算法既不需要输入辅助计算的多余数据,也不需要逐点判断解算的坐标正确与否。在只有两个已知点的情况下,这种算法只需一次人工干预就能正确地概算出控制点坐标。在有多于两个已知点的情况下,此算法不需要任何人工干预就能正确地解算出控制点坐标。     

Decreasing trend of sunshine hours and related driving forces in Southwestern China

Total hours of sunshine are one of the most important factors affecting climate and environment, and its long-term variation is of much concern in climate studies. Trends of temporal and spatial patterns in sunshine hours and related climatic factors over southwestern China are evaluated for the period 1961–2009 based on data from 111 standard meteorological stations. The results showed that southwestern China is experiencing a statistical decrease of sunshine hours, at the rate of 31.9 h/10a during 1961–2009. The decline was particularly strong in summer, whereas it is nonsignificant in winter. Spatially, statistically significant decreases of sunshine hours mainly occurred in lower altitude regions, especially in the Sichuan basin and Guizhou plateau. Sunshine hours have a high correlation with wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, surface downwards solar radiation flux, and cloud water content, with wind speed showing the strongest relationship to sunshine hours, implicit in the close correlation (temporally and spatially) between the two variables. Changing water vapor and cloud cover influence sunshine hours in southwestern China. In addition, the increased surface downwards solar radiation flux also made some contribution to a rise of sunshine hours during 1991–2009. The larger decreasing trends of sunshine hours at urban stations than rural stations may reflect the effect of urbanization on sunshine hours. Variations are dominated by the comprehensive functions of multiple factors owing to the complex nature of effects on sunshine hours.     

鹅掌河泥石流对四川邛海影响的初步研究

沉积作用在湖泊的演化和消亡过程中至关重要,洪水泥石流的淤积作用对我国西南地区广泛分布的构造断陷湖泊是一个普遍的环境问题．通过调查鹅掌河泥石流发育背景,人类的活动对泥沙进入邛海的影响和对比1988年与2003 年邛海水下地形图得出:在近30年的时间内,鹅掌河洪水和泥石流改沿固定河堤流入邛海,在湖底形成浊流,将更大量泥沙带到湖中．浊流在鹅掌河河口的水下扇陡坡上形成一水下冲沟,在湖底沉积区形成一条长2 km的水下堤．计算发现, 鹅掌河泥石流带入邛海的泥沙远大于一般土壤侵蚀产沙量,其中以1996,1997和1998三年泥石流输入的泥沙量最多．鹅掌河洪水和泥石流对邛海的影响以及水下地形、湖泊基本特征和湖泊环境的变化,应引起人们对邛海保护的高度关注．     

厚油层内部夹层特征及在剩余油挖潜中的应用

以岩芯、测井、分析化验和生产动态等资料为基础,通过静态和动态研究相结合的方法,对东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组厚油层内部夹层类型、成因和展布特征,对剩余油的控制作用及其在挖潜中的应用进行了研究。结果表明：东濮凹陷厚油层的夹层类型主要有泥质、物性和钙质夹层三类,以泥质夹层为主,前两者属沉积成因,而钙质类层主要属成岩成因。从厚油层内部夹层的空间分布特征来看,可将其分为层状连续分布夹层、片状不稳定分布夹层和不规则冲刷一充填夹层3种。统计结果表明：横向延展非常稳定且井间对比性较强的夹层数量约占30％,而横向延展稳定性较差且连片程度不高,具空间随机性分布特征的夹层数量约占70％。夹层空间分布特征与注采配置方式共同控制了厚油层内部的不同剩余油分布模式,对夹层的深入研究有效提高了对厚油层内部剩余油的认识精度。从不同空间分布夹层所控制的剩余油分布特征出发,采用水平井、井网整体调整、补孔等方法和措施可获得较好的挖潜效果。     

Analysis of phenotypic and genetic parameters for growthrelated traits in the half smooth tongue sole, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cynoglossus semilaevis</Emphasis>

Phenotypic and genetic parameters for growth-related traits in the half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, were estimated in 22 full-sib families produced by normal and neo-male breeding stocks. As phenotypic males with female genotypes, neo-males are harmful in C. semilaevis aquaculture because they reduce overall production. The present study evaluated the difference in the growth-related traits: total length (TL), body weight (BW) and square root of body weight (SQ_BW) at the age of 570 days between normal and neo-male offspring (neo-males used as male parents). The difference in the proportion of females between normal and neo-male offspring was also assessed. Based on the linear mixed model, restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) were used to estimate various (co)variance components and estimated breeding values (EBVs) of growth-related traits. As a result, all the mean values of the three studied traits were significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Additionally, the female proportion was significantly larger in normal offspring than in neo-male offspring. Heritability was 0.128±0.066 2 for TL, 0.128±0.065 5 for BW and 0.132±0.062 9 for SQ_BW, all of which were low level heritabilities. The correlation coefficients of EBVs and phenotypic values of the target traits were 0.516 for TL, 0.524 for BW and 0.506 for SQ_BW, all of which were highly significant (P <0.01). Genetic correlations among TL, BW and SQ_BW were positive high (0.921–0.969) and higher than those of phenotype (0.711–0.748), both of which had low standard errors (0.063–0.123 for genotype, and 0.010–0.018 for phenotype). Compared with normal offspring, neo-male offspring have lower breeding values for each studied trait through EBVs comparison. Therefore, neo-male offspring should not be used as broodstock in a C. semilaevis breeding programs.     

华南地区5月降水的水汽特征分析

利用国家气候中心的降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA海温资料分析了华南地区5月降水的主要水汽通道及变异机制。发现异常多雨年的水汽主要来自南海、孟加拉湾和青藏高原南侧;异常少雨年则因西太平洋副热带高压(简称副高)偏东,来自南海的水汽缺失,只有来自孟加拉湾和高原南侧的两股水汽,因而南海的水汽是影响华南地区5月降水的重要因素。分析发现当北太平洋的准东西向海温异常是"负正负"分布时,南海地区为异常的反气旋性环流,有利于副高西伸加强;北太平洋海温距平为"正负正"异常分布时,南海地区为异常的气旋性环流,副高东退减弱。此外,北方南下冷空气的阻挡使得季风北界位置偏南,冷空气和季风在华南地区交汇导致5月降水异常增多。