DIAGNOSTIC STUDY FOR INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION OF THE MIDDLE-HIGH LATITUDES IN A LOW RESOLUTION GLOBAL SPECTRAL MODEL

In this paper, five-year simulated data from a low-resolution global spectral model with triangular trunca-lion at wavenumber 10 are analyzed in order to study dynamical features and propagation characteristics ofintraseasonal oxillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropical atmosphere. The simulations show that thereis the 30-50 day periodic oscillation in the low-resolution spectral model without non-seasonal external forcing,and spatial scale of the intraseasonal oscihations is of the globe .Further analysis finds that propagation charac-ters of intraseasonal oscillations over the mid-latitudes and the tropics are different. The 30-50 day oscillationover the tropics exhibits structure of the velocity potential wave with wavenumber 1 in the latitudinal and thecharacter of the traveling wave eastward at speed of 8 longitudes/day. However, the 30-50 day oscillationsin mid-latitude atmosphere exhibit phase and amplitude oscillation of the standing planetary waves and theyare related to transform of teleconnection patterns over the mid-latitudes. The energy is not only transferredbetween the tropics and the middle-high latitudes, but also between different regions over the tropics. Based on the analysis of 5-year band pass filtered data from a 5-layer global spectral model of Jow-ordetwith truncated wavenumber l0,investigation is done of the source of intraseasonal oscillations in the extratropicalmodel atmosphere and its mechanism. Results show that (1) the convective heat transferred eastward alongthe equator serves as the source of the intraseasonal oxillation both in the tropical and the extratropical atmos--phere; (2) the velocity-potential wave of a zonal structure of wavenumber 1 gives rise to oxillation in divergentand convergent wind fields of a dipole-form as seen from the equatorial Indian Ocean to the western Pacificduring its eastward propagation, thus indicating the oscillation in the dipole-form heat soure:e/sink pattertl; (3)the tropical heat-source oscillation is responsible for the variation in phase and intensity of the extratropicalstationary wave train, and the interaction between the oscillating low-frequency inertial gravity and stationaryRossby modes that are probably mechanisms for the oscillations ip the middle-high latitudes.     

水在地震前兆中的意义

在地震预报过程中,发现有二种地震类型。一种是地震前前兆特别丰富,另一种地震是地震前兆很少。很显然第一种地震类型较易于预报,而第二种类型,预报相当困难。为什么同样的浅源地震,其前兆的差异如此大呢?我们认为这与震源顶部及其外围地壳浅层中水的丰富程度有着密切的关系。前者,震源顶部层内水、汽比较丰富,而后者,水汽很不丰富。在临近地震前,震源区及其外围的介质变形将传递到震源顶部,致使震源顶层(一般为沉积     

Qp显著高于Qs原因初探

根据吴大铭、王培德、陈运泰对怀柔—北京,剑川—洱源—带Q_(?)和Q_(?)的研究,发现Q_(?)比Q__(?)要高出很多。北京地区Q_(?)比Q_(?)高出45%,即Q_(?)为800,Q_(?)为550,二者差达250。而剑川地区Q_(?)比Q_(?)高出1.25倍,即Q_(?)为900,Q_(?)仅为400,二者差值达500。Q_(?)》Q_(?)其原因是什么呢?该文作者未进行讨论。本短文在此作简要讨论。     

震源系统小震调制比（r＿m）和异常面积（Sr＿m）起伏加剧的时空特征与强震的中、短期预报

本文对强震前震源系统的调制比ｒ＿ｍ和调制比异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ随时间变化的起伏加剧现象进行回顾性研究，得到下列研究结果：（１）强震前近源区以及中强震前近源区大多出现调制比ｒ＿ｍ的起伏加剧，并大多在起伏频次达三次时有大震或中强震发生。（２）大多数中、强地震前ｒ＿ｍ异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ围绕震源区呈现由小至大、由大至小的过程，因此引入最小异常面积Ｓｒ＿（ｍｉｎ）和最大异常面积Ｓｒ＿（ｍａｘ）之比γ作为中、短期预报指标，根据统计得到异常指标［γ］如下式某些震例在震前出现异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏的加剧过程，初步认为是震源区周围调整单元调整能力较差导致的结果。（３）ｒ＿ｍ、Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏加剧开始时间与震级有关，震级愈大，起伏加剧出现愈早。根据半年步长逐月滑动得到的ｒ＿ｍ－Ｔ图，起伏加剧开始至发震的时间与震级Ｍ的统计，得到如下关系（Ｔ以月计）Ｍ＝４．２９＋０．１１Ｔ（４）强震前场区异常一般呈现随机异常型、波动型和衰减型三种。若场区某统计区出现ｒ＿ｍ的三次起伏加剧时，说明该统计区未来有强震发生。（５）由自治系统和非自治系统原理初步解释了震前震源区周围调整区调制比ｒ＿ｍ及调制比异常面积Ｓｒ＿ｍ起伏现象的周期特征。     

BAYES方差分量估计在虚拟权平差中的应用

本文把近似Bayes方基分量估计公式应用于矿区扩建网的虚拟权平差中，解决了具体计算中的一些实际问题，最后，通过一矿区扩建网平差实例验证了该方法的可行性．     

高煤级煤粗粒体反射率的演化轨迹

通过系统测试，查明了镜质体油浸最大反射率在２．０％～１０．０％之间的样品中粒粒体反射率的演化轨迹，发现其最大反射率的演化具有“转折”特征。粗粒体化学结构的“非石墨化碳”性质、物理结构的“富微孔性”及构造应力的作用是控制反射率演化的主要因素。     

震源系统不稳定度指标和强震短临预报

在探讨震源系统不稳定产生的物理基础前提下，应用调制模式提出了利用小震日频次起伏加剧与外因的相关性进行强震的短临时间预报的设想，具体提出了调制小震频次起伏加剧的两个判别震源系统不稳定度的指标λ＿１和λ＿２。前者为单因子调制指标，后者为多因子调制或多因子调制强化指标。关于大震的地点预报，应用立交模式短临阶段出现调制小震通过未来大震的共轭小震活动条带进行预报。     

大同断陷盆地及其大震危险性

以最新研究成果，全面、系统地阐述了大同断陷盆地的地貌特征、晚新生代地层、火山与玄武岩、主要活动断裂、新构造单元与地震活动的空间分布、大同－阳高两次地震的地震构造。在此基础上探讨了今后10年左右的时间内，大同断陷盆地的地震危险性。